< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/že

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ge, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰe (“emphatic particle”), cognate with Sanskrit घ (gha, “at least, at any rate”) and akin to Sanskrit हि (hi, “for, on account of, indeed”).

Conjunction

*že

  1. so that, since

Derived terms
  • *jь že (“who/which”)
  • *ju že (“already, no longer”)
  • *to že (“so that”)
  • *čьto že (“what then, well then”)
  • *tъjьžedьnь/*tъjьžьdьnь (“week”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: же (že)
      • Old Ruthenian: же (že)
        • Belarusian: жа (ža)
        • Carpathian Rusyn: же (že)
        • Ukrainian: же (že), ж (ž)
      • Russian: же (že), ж (ž)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: же (že)
      Glagolitic script: ⰶⰵ (že)
      • Bulgarian: че (če)
    • Serbo-Croatian: (archaic, only survives as non-productive suffix)
      Cyrillic script: ре
      Latin script: re
    • Slovene: re (archaic, only survives as non-productive suffix)
  • West Slavic:
    • Kashubian: że
    • Old Czech: že, ježe, eže, ež
    • Old Polish: że
    • Slovak: že
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: že (archaic)

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jь (že), *ja (že), *je (že)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 204
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*ju že”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 191

Particle

*že[1][2]

  1. emphatic enclitic

Derived terms
  • *da že (“even so”)
  • *poňe že (“since, because”)

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*da že”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 181
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “-же”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 528

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*že”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 554: “ptcl.”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “-že”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “(encl.; cf. jь-že) (rel. marker) (PR 139, 145)”
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