Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gatati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Traditionally linked to Proto-Indo-Iranian *gaHtʰás (“hymn”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾eh₃- (“to call, to sing”) +‎ *-th₂ós, verbalized with native *-ati. Alternative interpretations suggest descent from *gʷet- (“to talk”)[1] (whence Proto-Germanic *kweþaną (“to say”)).

Verb

*gatàti impf[1]

to tell, to recite, to narrate (Northern Slavic)
to guess, to conjecture (South Slavic)
Synonym: *gadati
(by extension) to tell fortunes (South Slavic)
Synonyms: *perdъsъkazati, *vьračiti

Inflection

Conjugation of *gatati, *gata, *gatajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*gatanьje	*gatati	*gatatъ	*gatalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*gatanъ	*gatajemъ
Active	*gatavъ	*gataję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gataxъ	*gata	*gata	*gatajǫ	*gataješi	*gatajetь
Dual	*gataxově	*gatasta	*gataste	*gatajevě	*gatajeta	*gatajete
Plural	*gataxomъ	*gataste	*gatašę	*gatajemъ	*gatajete	*gatajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*gataaxъ	*gataaše	*gataaše	—	*gataji	*gataji
Dual	*gataaxově	*gataašeta	*gataašete	*gatajivě	*gatajita	—
Plural	*gataaxomъ	*gataašete	*gataaxǫ	*gatajimъ	*gatajite	—

Derived terms

*gatanьje (“foretelling”), *gatanъka (“conundrum, riddle”)
*gatъka (“riddle”)
- *gatъkati (“to speak crypticly”)
*gatva (“proverb, adage”)
*gatačь, *gatalьcь (“guesser”)
*gatьcь m, *gatьčьka f (“gossip (person)”)

Related terms

*ganati (“to utter, to talk”)
*gadati (“to guess”)
*gavъ (“caw, bark”), *gajь (“squeak”), *gakъ (“croak”) (onomatopoeiae from the same root)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- ⇒ Middle Russian: гатити (gatiti, “to invigorate, to speak excitedly”) (causative)
- Russian: гатать (gatatʹ, “to speak crypticly”) (dialectal)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: гатати (gatati)
  - → Old East Slavic: гатати (gatati, “to predict”)
- Bulgarian: га́там (gátam, “to foretell”) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: гата (gata)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: га́тати
  
  Latin script: gátati
- Slovene: gátati (tonal orthography) (rare)
West Slavic:
- Old Polish: gatać

References

Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gatàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 161: “v.”

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[Derksen-1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gatàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 161: “v.”