< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kositi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Reflects the causative Proto-Indo-European *kos-eyé-ti of Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to castrate”)/*kes- (“to scratch, to comb”), equivalent to *kosъ (“skew, slanted”) +‎ *-iti. Possibly akin to Latin careō (“to lack, to be separated”), Latin castrō (“to castrate, to prune”).

Verb

*kosìti impf

  1. to mow, to reap
  2. to cut short, to shorten
  3. to curve, to slant, to fold, to prepare for mowing
    (by abstraction) → to regret, to repent

Inflection
Conjugation of *kositi, *kosi, *kositь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*košenьje *kositi *kositъ *kosilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *košenъ *kosimъ
Active *košь *kosę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kosixъ*kosi*kosi *košǫ*kosiši*kositь
Dual *kosixově*kosista*kosiste *kosivě*kosita*kosite
Plural *kosixomъ*kosiste*kosišę *kosimъ*kosite*kosętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *košaaxъ*košaaše*košaaše —*kosi*kosi
Dual *košaaxově*košaašeta*košaašete *kosivě*kosita—
Plural *košaaxomъ*košaašete*košaaxǫ *kosimъ*kosite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*kosivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
  • *kosъ (“skew, slanted”)
  • *xudъ (“weak, meager”)
  • *kosa (“scythe”)
  • *kosica (“scalpel, small chisel”)
  • *kostrьcь (“perch (Perca fluviatilis)”)
  • *kostьřava (“meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis)”)
  • *kosturъ (“blade, knife without handle”)

Derived terms
  • *kositьba (“mowing”)
  • *kosьba (“mowing”)
  • *kosišče (“mowing, haymaking”)
  • *kosivo (“mowed grass, result of mowing”)
  • *kosidlo (“sheaf ready for mowing”)
  • *kosačь (“mower (agent)”)
  • *kosьcь (“mower (agent/tool)”)
  • *kosařь (“mower (agent)”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: касі́ць (kasícʹ)
    • Russian: коси́ть (kosítʹ)
    • Ukrainian: коси́ти (kosýty)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kositi (I, II)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 143
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “кося”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 668
  • Snoj, Marko (2016) “kosīti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
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