Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/samān

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Etymology

Several possibilities:

Generally accepted to be a derivation from *sā- (“to know”).
Unlike the first section, EDAL derives it from an unknown stem *samā-, to make a compare with Proto-Mongolic *süme. Compare also Evenki самасик (samasik, “shamanic robes”) which could actually be from *samā-.
Could be a loanword from Tocharian B ṣamāne (“monk”) or Chinese 沙門／沙门 (shāmén, “Buddhist monk”), from Pali samaṇa from Sanskrit श्रमण (śramaṇa, “ascetic, monk, devotee”), from श्रम (śrama, “weariness, exhaustion; labor, toil; etc.”).

Noun

*samān

shaman

Descendants

Jurchenic:
- Manchu: ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠨ (saman)
Tungusic:
- North Tungusic:
  - Evenki: сама̄н (samān), шама̄н (şamān), хама̄н (hamān)
    - → Russian: шаман (šaman)
  - Even: хама̄н (hamān)
  - Negidal: саман (saman)
- South Tungusic:
  - Central:
    - Oroch: сама(н) (sama(n))
    - Udihe: сама(н) (sama(n))
  - South-Eastern:
    - Nanai: сама̄н (samān)
    - Orok: сама (sama)
    - Ulch: сама̄(н) (samā(n))

References

Cincius, V. I. (1977) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, page 59

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