< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/topïk

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *top (“round thing”) +‎ *-ik (diminutive suffix).[1]

The Turkic intervocalic -p- has been changed to intervocalic hiatus in borrowings of Mongolic, to make it suitable for Mongolic phonetics[2]

Noun

*topïk (Common Turkic)

  1. small ball, pellet
  2. knee cap
  3. knee
  4. anklebone; heel bone

Declension
Declension of *topïk (Common Turkic)
singular plural2)
nominative *topïk *topïklar
accusative
genitive *topïknïŋ *topïklarnïŋ
dative *topïkka *topïklarka
locative *topïkta *topïklarda
ablative *topïktan *topïklardan
instrumental1) *topïklarïn
equative1) *topïkča *topïklarča
1)The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
2)This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants
  • → Proto-Mongolic: *toyig
    • Mongolian: тойг (tojg, “kneecap”)
    • Buryat: тойн (tojn, “kneecap”)
    • Kalmyk: төң (töñ, “kneecap”)
    • ⇒ Proto-Mongolic: *tobkai
      • Mongolian: туухай (tuuxaj, “a face of an anklebone”)
        • ⇒ Mongolian: туухуу (tuuxuu, “knee-covering, knee warmer”)
      • → Manchu: ᡨᠣᠪᡤᡳᡟᠠ (tobgiya, “knee”)
  • Arghu:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Turkmen: topuk
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: تُبِقْ (topık, “small ball, pellet; ankle bone”)
      • Uzbek: topiq
      • Uyghur: توپۇق (topuq, “kneecap; patella”)
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: тубыҡ (tubıq)
      • Tatar: [script needed] (tubıq)
    • West Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Karakalpak: tobiʻq
        • Kazakh: тобық (tobyq)
        • Nogai: [script needed] (tobıq)
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan:
        • Tuvan: довук (dovuk)
        • Tofa: [script needed] (to'puq)
      • Yenisei:
        • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (topïq)
        • Khakas: томых (tomıx, “kneecap”)
        • Western Yugur: tōq

References
  1. Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “topuk”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  2. Clauson, Gerard (1962) Turkish and Mongolian studies‎, London: Royal Asiatic Society, page 219.
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