< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/harjatogō
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Suggested to be a calque of Ancient Greek στρατηγός (stratēgós) (from στρατός (stratós, “army”) + ἄγω (ágō, “to lead”) + -ος (-os)), from *hari (“army”) + *togō (“leader”) (compare *teuhan (“to lead, pull”)).[1][2] Alternatively inherited from Proto-Germanic *harjatugô, if Old Norse hertogi isn't borrowed from Middle Low German[3].
Inflection
| Masculine an-stem | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | ||
| Nominative | *harjatogō | |
| Genitive | *harjatogini, *harjatogan | |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *harjatogō | *harjatogan |
| Accusative | *harjatogan | *harjatogan |
| Genitive | *harjatogini, *harjatogan | *harjatoganō |
| Dative | *harjatogini, *harjatogan | *harjatogum |
| Instrumental | *harjatogini, *harjatogan | *harjatogum |
Alternative reconstructions
- *haritogō[4]
Descendants
- Old English: heretoga
- Old Frisian: hertoga
- Old Saxon: heritogo
- Old Dutch: *heritogo
- Old High German: herizogo, herizoho
- Middle High German: herzoge, herzog
- German: Herzog
- → Albanian: hercog
- → Bulgarian: херцо́г (hercóg)
- → Saterland Frisian: Härtsoch
- → Georgian: ჰერცოგი (hercogi)
- → Hungarian: herceg
- → Latgalian: gercogs
- → Latvian: hercogs
- → Lithuanian: hercogas
- → Luxembourgish: Herzog
- → Ottoman Turkish: هرسك (hersek)
- → Russian: ге́рцог (gércog)
- → Translingual: Herzogiella
- → Ukrainian: ге́рцог (hércoh)
- → Saterland Frisian: Härtsoch
- → Serbo-Croatian: Херцег
- Yiddish: הערצאָג (hertsog)
- → Slovak: herzog
- German: Herzog
- Middle High German: herzoge, herzog
References
- Friedrich Kluge (1989) chapter 307, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page Herzog: “*harja-tug(ōn)”
- Boutkan, Dirk, Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005) “hertoga”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 168
- Hellquist, Elof (1922) “hertig”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, page 234
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 218: “WGmc *hari-togō ‘commander of a (late Roman) mobile Weld force, dux’”
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