galds

From Proto-Baltic *geld-, *gald-, from Proto-Indo-European *geldʰ-, *goldʰ- (“to chip, to scratch, to hollow”). The semantic evolution was probably: “chipped, carved, hollowed (thing)” → “chip, board cut from a block (of wood)” (a meaning still attested; see below) → “trough, wood container (for eating, feeding)” (note also the meaning of derived term aizgalds (“sty, pen”)) → “table (for eating).” Cognates include Lithuanian gélda (“trough, wooden container”), Old Prussian galdo.[1]

• IPA^(key): [ɡâlts]

galds m (1st declension)

1. table (piece of furniture consisting of a horizontal surface on legs, to support objects — dishes and food while eating, tools while working, etc.)

   četrstūrains, apaļš, garš galds ― rectangular, round, long table

   pulēts, krāsots galds ― polished, painted table

   riekstkoka galds ― walnut (wood) table

   darba galds ― work table

   virtuves, ēdamistabas galds ― kitchen, dining-room table

   tualetes galds ― dressing table

   izvelkamais galds ― folding table

   galda atvilktne, stūris ― table drawer, corner

   galda lampa, pulkstenis ― table lamp, clock

   galda drāna, galddrāna ― tablecloth

   galda teniss ― table tennis (game)

   mazgāt galdu ― to wash the table

   pārklāt galdu ― to cover the table

   sasēsties ap galdu ― to sit at the table

   operācijas galds ― operation table (where surgery is performed)

2. (by metonymy) table (a table drawer or small cabinet)

   ielikt rakstāmpiederumus galdā ― to put the stationary (lit. writing things) in the table (= drawer)

   izņemt grāmatu no galda ― to take a book from the table (= drawer)

   noglabāt dokumentus galdā ― to keep documents in the talbe (= drawer)

   aizslēgt, atvērt galdu ― to lock, to open the table (= drawer)

   sameklēt galdā papīru ― to look for paper in the table (= drawer)

3. table, buffet (the food and drinks placed on the table; said food and drinks together with the table)

   lūgt pie galda ― to invite to the table (= to eat)

   bagātīgs dzīru galds ― rich banquet table

   viesību galds ― party table

   lepns kāzu galds ― proud (= exquisite) wedding table

   pilns galds ― full table (i.e., with a lot of food, drinks)

   tukšs galds ― empty table (i.e., with little or no food, drinks)

4. table (type of food)

   siltais, aukstais galds ― warm, coold table (with warm, cold food)

   kafijas galds ― coffee table (with coffee, cookies, etc.)

5. table (a meal, the food consumed during a meal)

   pusdienu galds ― lunch table

   galda runa ― table speech (speech made during a meal)

6. table (group of people sitting at the same table and eating together)

   kalpu galds ― servants' table

   saimnieku galds ― masters' table

7. board especially treated to make a certain specific object

   mucas galdi ― barrel boards (= for making barrels)

   laivas galdi ― ship boards (= for making ships)

   gultas galdi ― bed boards (= for making beds)

8. board, table (horizontal surface or platform for some device or machine)

   kuļmašīnas galds ― threshing machine table

• aizgalds
• galdnieks, galdniece, galdniecība
• rakstāmgalds