gauler
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French gauler (“to knock down with a pole”), from Old French gauler, wauller (“to fight with a pole”), from gaule, waulle (“long pole, rod”), from Frankish *walu (“stick”), from Proto-Germanic *waluz (“stick, root”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”). By surface analysis, gaule + -er. More at gaule.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡo.le/
Audio (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of gauler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | gauler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | gaulant /ɡo.lɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | gaulé /ɡo.le/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gaule /ɡol/ |
gaules /ɡol/ |
gaule /ɡol/ |
gaulons /ɡo.lɔ̃/ |
gaulez /ɡo.le/ |
gaulent /ɡol/ |
| imperfect | gaulais /ɡo.lɛ/ |
gaulais /ɡo.lɛ/ |
gaulait /ɡo.lɛ/ |
gaulions /ɡo.ljɔ̃/ |
gauliez /ɡo.lje/ |
gaulaient /ɡo.lɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | gaulai /ɡo.le/ |
gaulas /ɡo.la/ |
gaula /ɡo.la/ |
gaulâmes /ɡo.lam/ |
gaulâtes /ɡo.lat/ |
gaulèrent /ɡo.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | gaulerai /ɡol.ʁe/ |
gauleras /ɡol.ʁa/ |
gaulera /ɡol.ʁa/ |
gaulerons /ɡol.ʁɔ̃/ |
gaulerez /ɡol.ʁe/ |
gauleront /ɡol.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | gaulerais /ɡol.ʁɛ/ |
gaulerais /ɡol.ʁɛ/ |
gaulerait /ɡol.ʁɛ/ |
gaulerions /ɡo.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
gauleriez /ɡo.lə.ʁje/ |
gauleraient /ɡol.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gaule /ɡol/ |
gaules /ɡol/ |
gaule /ɡol/ |
gaulions /ɡo.ljɔ̃/ |
gauliez /ɡo.lje/ |
gaulent /ɡol/ |
| imperfect2 | gaulasse /ɡo.las/ |
gaulasses /ɡo.las/ |
gaulât /ɡo.la/ |
gaulassions /ɡo.la.sjɔ̃/ |
gaulassiez /ɡo.la.sje/ |
gaulassent /ɡo.las/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | gaule /ɡol/ |
— | gaulons /ɡo.lɔ̃/ |
gaulez /ɡo.le/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “gauler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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