gwern

Breton

Etymology

From Middle Breton guern, from Old Breton guern, guaern, from Proto-Brythonic *gwern, from Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Gaulish uerna, Old Irish fern and French vergne).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡwɛrn/

Noun

gwern ? (plural gwernioù, singulative gwernenn)

  1. alders

Noun

gwern f (plural gwernioù)

  1. mast
  2. swamp

Cornish

Etymology

From Old Cornish guern, from Proto-Brythonic *gwern, from Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Gaulish uerna, Old Irish fern and French vergne).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡwɛrn/

Noun

gwern m (singulative gwernen, plural gwernennow or gwernednow)

  1. (collective) alder
    1. swamp, marsh, marshland
  2. (in the singular) mast

Mutation
  Mutation of gwern  
Cornish consonant mutation
unmutatedsoftaspiratehardmixedmixed after 'th
gwern wern unchanged kwern hwern wern

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *gwern, from Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Old Irish fern). Cognate with Old Armenian գերան (geran) and Albanian verr (“alder”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡwɛrn/

Noun

gwern f pl (singulative gwernen, plural gwerni or gwernydd or gwernau or gwernenni or gwernennau)

  1. alder(s) (the wood of which resists decay in water); made of alder
    1. mast of a ship
    2. (alder) stick, stave, shaft of a lance
  2. alder carr, alder grove, alder marsh, swamp, quagmire; damp meadow
    1. (sometimes figuratively) hell

Derived terms
  • boda gwerni (“marsh harrier”)
  • boled gwern (“alder bolete”)
  • bras gwerni (“swamp sparrow”)
  • cap gwernydd (“alder cap”)
  • cap llaeth gwernydd (“alder milkcap”)
  • cwpan gwern (“alder goblet”)
  • gwernen werdd (“green alder”)
  • gwernllwyn (“alder grove”)
  • gwernog (“abounding in alders”, adjective)
  • gwybedog y gwern (“alder flycatcher”)
  • telor y gwerni (“marsh warbler”)
  • titw'r wern (“marsh tit”)
  • ysgwydd y gwern (“alder bracket”)

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
gwern wern ngwern unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwern”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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