hocher
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French hochier, from Old French hochier (“to shake, jostle, stir, swing, move, twitch”), from Frankish *hotsōn, *hottisōn, from *hottōn (“to shake, toss”), from Proto-Germanic *hud- (“to swing, rock, shake”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ket- or *kwēt- (“to shake, rock back and forth”). See also hod.
cognates
- Dutch hutsen, hutselen (“to shake, shudder”)
- English hustle
- Old English hūdenian (“to rock, shake”)
Pronunciation
- (aspirated h) IPA(key): /ɔ.ʃe/
Audio (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of hocher (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | hocher | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | hochant /ɔ.ʃɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | hoché /ɔ.ʃe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | hoche /ɔʃ/ |
hoches /ɔʃ/ |
hoche /ɔʃ/ |
hochons /ɔ.ʃɔ̃/ |
hochez /ɔ.ʃe/ |
hochent /ɔʃ/ |
| imperfect | hochais /ɔ.ʃɛ/ |
hochais /ɔ.ʃɛ/ |
hochait /ɔ.ʃɛ/ |
hochions /ɔ.ʃjɔ̃/ |
hochiez /ɔ.ʃje/ |
hochaient /ɔ.ʃɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | hochai /ɔ.ʃe/ |
hochas /ɔ.ʃa/ |
hocha /ɔ.ʃa/ |
hochâmes /ɔ.ʃam/ |
hochâtes /ɔ.ʃat/ |
hochèrent /ɔ.ʃɛʁ/ | |
| future | hocherai /ɔʃ.ʁe/ |
hocheras /ɔʃ.ʁa/ |
hochera /ɔʃ.ʁa/ |
hocherons /ɔʃ.ʁɔ̃/ |
hocherez /ɔʃ.ʁe/ |
hocheront /ɔʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | hocherais /ɔʃ.ʁɛ/ |
hocherais /ɔʃ.ʁɛ/ |
hocherait /ɔʃ.ʁɛ/ |
hocherions /ɔ.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
hocheriez /ɔ.ʃə.ʁje/ |
hocheraient /ɔʃ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | hoche /ɔʃ/ |
hoches /ɔʃ/ |
hoche /ɔʃ/ |
hochions /ɔ.ʃjɔ̃/ |
hochiez /ɔ.ʃje/ |
hochent /ɔʃ/ |
| imperfect2 | hochasse /ɔ.ʃas/ |
hochasses /ɔ.ʃas/ |
hochât /ɔ.ʃa/ |
hochassions /ɔ.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ |
hochassiez /ɔ.ʃa.sje/ |
hochassent /ɔ.ʃas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | hoche /ɔʃ/ |
— | hochons /ɔ.ʃɔ̃/ |
hochez /ɔ.ʃe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
- hochet
- hocheur
Further reading
- “hocher”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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