honnir
French
Etymology
From Middle French honnir, from Old French honir, from Vulgar Latin *haunīre (“shame, dishonor”), from Frankish *haunijan (“humble, humiliate”) (whence also honte), from Proto-Germanic *haunijaną (“to make low, humble”), from Proto-Indo-European *kaw- (“to be evil, make evil”).
Cognate with Old High German hōnen (“to humble”), Middle Dutch honen (“to dishonour, debauch, corrupt”), Old English hīenan (“to humble, abase”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (haunjan, “to humiliate, abase”).
Pronunciation
- (aspirated h) IPA(key): /ɔ.niʁ/
Audio (file)
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
| infinitive | simple | honnir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | honnissant /ɔ.ni.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | honni /ɔ.ni/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | honnis /ɔ.ni/ |
honnis /ɔ.ni/ |
honnit /ɔ.ni/ |
honnissons /ɔ.ni.sɔ̃/ |
honnissez /ɔ.ni.se/ |
honnissent /ɔ.nis/ |
| imperfect | honnissais /ɔ.ni.sɛ/ |
honnissais /ɔ.ni.sɛ/ |
honnissait /ɔ.ni.sɛ/ |
honnissions /ɔ.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
honnissiez /ɔ.ni.sje/ |
honnissaient /ɔ.ni.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | honnis /ɔ.ni/ |
honnis /ɔ.ni/ |
honnit /ɔ.ni/ |
honnîmes /ɔ.nim/ |
honnîtes /ɔ.nit/ |
honnirent /ɔ.niʁ/ | |
| future | honnirai /ɔ.ni.ʁe/ |
honniras /ɔ.ni.ʁa/ |
honnira /ɔ.ni.ʁa/ |
honnirons /ɔ.ni.ʁɔ̃/ |
honnirez /ɔ.ni.ʁe/ |
honniront /ɔ.ni.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | honnirais /ɔ.ni.ʁɛ/ |
honnirais /ɔ.ni.ʁɛ/ |
honnirait /ɔ.ni.ʁɛ/ |
honnirions /ɔ.ni.ʁjɔ̃/ |
honniriez /ɔ.ni.ʁje/ |
honniraient /ɔ.ni.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | honnisse /ɔ.nis/ |
honnisses /ɔ.nis/ |
honnisse /ɔ.nis/ |
honnissions /ɔ.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
honnissiez /ɔ.ni.sje/ |
honnissent /ɔ.nis/ |
| imperfect2 | honnisse /ɔ.nis/ |
honnisses /ɔ.nis/ |
honnît /ɔ.ni/ |
honnissions /ɔ.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
honnissiez /ɔ.ni.sje/ |
honnissent /ɔ.nis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | honnis /ɔ.ni/ |
— | honnissons /ɔ.ni.sɔ̃/ |
honnissez /ɔ.ni.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “honnir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.