pa- -in

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pain"

Tagalog

Alternative forms

Circumfix

pa- -in (Baybayin spelling ᜉ ᜒᜈ᜔)

  1. (causative) Object trigger - Circumfix to form the causative verb form of the adjectives
    ‎tahimik (“quiet”) + ‎pa- -in → ‎patahimikin (“to silence”)
    ‎lamig (“cold”) + ‎pa- -in → ‎patahimikin (“to cool”)
    Palamigin mo itong inumin.
    Cool this drink.
  2. (causative) Object trigger - Indicates performance of the action of the verb
    ‎daan (“pass”) + ‎pa- -in → ‎paraanin (“make someone give way”)
    ‎upo (“sitting”) + ‎pa- -in → ‎paupuin (“make someone sit down”)
    Paupuin mo 'ang mga bisita.
    Ask the visitors to sit down.

Usage notes
  • Normally, /h/ is inserted before -in when the root word ends with a vowel that is not followed by a glottal stop. In some cases, phoneme change can occur and /h/ becomes /n/.
    ‎punta + ‎pa- -in → ‎papuntahin
    ‎ganda + ‎pa- -in → ‎pagandahin
    ‎laki + ‎pa- -in → ‎palakihin
    ‎tawa + ‎pa- -in → ‎patawanin
  • Due to allophony, /d/ turns into /r/ when inserted before -in or after pa-.
    ‎tawad + ‎pa- -in → ‎patawarin
    ‎dami + ‎pa- -in → ‎paramihin
    ‎danas + ‎pa- -in → ‎paranasin

Derived terms
Tagalog terms circumfixed with pa- -in

Further reading
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