pr-ꜥꜣ

Demotic

Etymology

From Egyptian

(pr-ꜥꜣ, “pharaoh”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /pəɾˈʕoʔ/, /pəɾˈʕaʔ/ (depending on dialect)

Noun

⁠⁠⁠ m

king, pharaoh

Descendants

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲣⲣⲟ (rro)
Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲣⲟ (ouro), ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ (pouro)
Fayyumic Coptic: ⲣⲣⲁ (rra), ⲉⲣⲣⲁ (erra), ⲓⲣⲣⲁ (irra), ⲉⲣⲁ (era)
Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲣⲣⲟ (rro)
Old Coptic: ⲉⲣⲟ (ero)
Sahidic Coptic: ⲣⲣⲟ (rro), ⲉⲣⲟ (ero), ⲟⲩⲣⲟ (ouro)

Egyptian

Etymology

From pr (“house”) +‎ ꜥꜣ (“great, big”).

Pronunciation

(reconstructed) IPA^(key): /paɾuwˈʕaʀ/ → /paɾuwˈʕaʀ/ → /paɾəˈʕaʔ/ → /pəɾˈʕaʔ/

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /pɛr ɑːʔɑ/
- Conventional anglicization: per-aa

Noun

m

palace
(metonymically) pharaoh [c. 1450 BCE]
Synonyms: ḥm, nswt, nswt-bjtj

Inflection

Declension of pr-ꜥꜣ (masculine)

singular

dual

prwj-ꜥꜣwj

plural

prw-ꜥꜣw

Descendants

Demotic: ⁠⁠⁠ (pr-ꜥꜣ)
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲣⲣⲟ (rro)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲣⲟ (ouro), ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ (pouro)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲣⲣⲁ (rra), ⲉⲣⲣⲁ (erra), ⲓⲣⲣⲁ (irra), ⲉⲣⲁ (era)
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲣⲣⲟ (rro)
- Old Coptic: ⲉⲣⲟ (ero)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲣⲣⲟ (rro), ⲉⲣⲟ (ero), ⲟⲩⲣⲟ (ouro)
→ Neo-Assyrian: 𒉿𒅕𒀪𒌑 (pi-ir-ʾu-u₂ /⁠pirʾū⁠/)[1]
→ Hebrew: פַּרְעֹה (parʿṓ)
- → Ancient Greek: Φαραώ (Pharaṓ), Φαραών (Pharaṓn); Φαραώθης (Pharaṓthēs); φαραώ (pharaṓ)
  - Greek: φαραώ (faraó)
  - → Chinese:
    Mandarin: 法老 (fǎlǎo)
  - → Coptic: ⲫⲁⲣⲁⲱ (pharaō)
  - → Ge'ez: ፈርዖን (färʿon)
  - → Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐍉 (faraō), 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐍉𐌽𐌹 (faraōni, dative)
  - → Latin: Pharaō (see there for further descendants)
  - → Old Armenian: Փարաւոն (Pʻarawon)
    - Armenian: փարավոն (pʻaravon)
  - → Old Church Slavonic: фараѡ́нъ (faraónŭ), фараонъ (faraonŭ), фараосъ (faraosŭ)
    - Bulgarian: фарао́н (faraón)
    - Church Slavonic: фарао (farao)
    - → Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: фара̀о̄н m
      Latin script: faràōn m
  - → Old East Slavic: фараонъ (faraonŭ), фарао (farao), ѳараонъ (θaraonŭ)
    - Belarusian: фарао́н (faraón)
    - Russian: фарао́н (faraón)
    - Ukrainian: фарао́н (faraón)
- → Classical Syriac: ܦܶܪܥܽܘܢ, ܦܸܪܥܘܿܢ (perʿūn)
  - → Arabic: فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn)
    - Maltese: fergħun
    - → Bashkir: фирғәүен (firğəwen)
    - → Bengali: ফেরাউন (pheraun)
    - → Hindustani:
      Hindi: फ़िरौन (firaun)
      Urdu: فرعون (firaun)
    - → Malay: firaun
    - → Ottoman Turkish: فرعون
      - → Turkish: firavun
    - → Persian: فرعون (fer'own)
    - → Swahili: firauni
    - → Tajik: фиръавн (firʾavn)
    - → Uzbek: firʼavn

References

“Pirʾu”, in The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period‎, (Can we date this quote?)

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