teanga

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Irish tengae,[1] from Proto-Celtic *tangʷāss (compare Welsh tafod), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue, speech, language”). The alternative form teangaidh was originally the dative singular.

Pronunciation

Noun

teanga f (genitive singular teanga, nominative plural teangacha)

  1. (anatomy) tongue
  2. language

Declension
Declension of teanga

Fourth declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative teanga teangacha
Vocative a theanga a theangacha
Genitive teanga teangacha
Dative teanga teangacha

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an teanga na teangacha
Genitive na teanga na dteangacha
Dative leis an teanga

don teanga

 leis na teangacha

Derived terms
  • alt teanga (“tongue joint”)
  • aonteangach (“monolingual, unilingual”)
  • aonteangach m (“monoglot”)
  • bac teanga (“language handicap”)
  • bacainn teanga (“language barrier”)
  • barra teanga (“language bar”)
  • bualadh teanga (“actinomycosis”)
  • cinnteachas teanga (“linguistic determinism”)
  • cód teanga (“language code”)
  • coibhneasacht teanga (“linguistic relativity”)
  • comhstruchtúr teanga (“language construct”)
  • comhtheanga (“common language”)
  • creimeadh teanga (“language attrition”)
  • damhtheanga (“oxtongue”)
  • daolteanga (“sharp, vicious, tongue”)
  • drochtheanga (“bad language”)
  • feidhmiú teanga (“linguistic performance”)
  • feidhmiúchán teanga (“linguistic performance”)
  • foghlaim teanga (“language learning”)
  • idirtheanga (“interlanguage”)
  • inniúlacht teanga (“linguistic competence, language competence”)
  • iompú teanga (“language shift”)
  • lus na teanga (“adder’s-tongue”)
  • maolteanga (“stammer, stutter”)
  • máthairtheanga (“mother tongue”)
  • meaisínteanga (“machine language”)
  • meititheanga (“metalanguage”)
  • mianach sealbhaithe teanga (“language acquisition device”)
  • micritheanga (“microlanguage”)
  • mionlach teanga (“linguistic minority”)
  • mionteanga (“minority language”)
  • neamhord teanga (“language disorder”)
  • nuatheanga (“modern language”)
  • pleanáil teanga (“language planning”)
  • réim teanga (“linguistic register”)
  • rolladh teanga (“tongue rolling”)
  • sainréim teanga (“register”)
  • saotharlann teanga (“language laboratory”)
  • sealbhú teanga (“language acquisition”)
  • spadal teanga (“tongue depressor”)
  • sprioctheanga (“object language, target language”)
  • téacs go teanga (“text-to-speech”)
  • teanga agus eitre (“tongue and groove”)
  • teanga aidhme (“object language”)
  • teanga amhairc (“visual language”)
  • teanga an bhúcla (“tongue of belt”)
  • teanga an duine (“human language”)
  • teanga an phobail (“vernacular”)
  • teanga chait (“sole; hornwrack”)
  • teanga choiteann (“vernacular”)
  • teanga chomharthaíochta (“sign language”)
  • teanga chon (“hound’s tongue”)
  • teanga chumtha (“constructed language”)
  • teanga dhíolama (“assembly language”)
  • teanga dhomhanda (“world language”)
  • teanga dhúchais (“vernacular”)
  • teanga fhileata (“poetic language”)
  • teanga fhógrach (“declarative language”)
  • teanga fhoinseach (“source language”)
  • teanga fia (“hart’s-tongue fern”)
  • teanga ghlacach (“receptive language”)
  • teanga i mbaol (“endangered language”)
  • teanga iarratais (“query language”)
  • teanga iasachta (“foreign language”)
  • teanga idirmheánach (“intermediate language”)
  • teanga idirnáisiúnta chúnta (“international auxiliary language”)
  • teanga inbhreisithe (“extensible language”)
  • teanga ionramhála sonraí (“data manipulation language”)
  • teanga íseal-leibhéil (“low-level language”)
  • teanga mhadra rua (“hart’s-tongue fern”)
  • teanga mharcála (“markup language”)
  • teanga mheaisín (“machine language”)
  • teanga mhín (“white dead-nettle”)
  • teanga nádúrtha (“natural language”)
  • teanga náisiúnta (“national language”)
  • teanga nós imeachta (“procedural language”)
  • teanga oifigiúil (“official language”)
  • teanga ríomhaire (“computer language”)
  • teanga ríomhaireachta (“computer language”)
  • teanga ríomhchlárúcháin (“programming language”)
  • teanga scriptithe (“scripting language”)
  • teanga shaorga (“artificial language”)
  • teanga shintéiseach (“synthetic language”)
  • teanga shiombalach (“symbolic language”)
  • teanga thrasfhoirmiúcháin (“transformation language”)
  • teanga thuairiscithe leathanach (“page description language”)
  • teangach (“tongued; lingual; wordy, loquacious”)
  • teangachruthach (“tongue-shaped, linguiform”)
  • teangaigh (“to tongue”)
  • teangaire (“interpreter”)
  • teangaithe (“tongued”)
  • teangeolaí (“linguist”)
  • teangeolaíocht (“linguistics”)
  • teangóg (“ligule”)
  • teangúil (“lingual”)
  • teorainn teangacha (“linguistic boundary”)
  • truailliú teanga (“language pollution”)

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
teanga theanga dteanga
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “tengae”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 63, page 33
  3. Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 121, page 46

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish tengae, from Proto-Celtic *tangʷāt-, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue, speech, language”).

Pronunciation
  • (Uist, Barra, Lochalsh, Lochaber, Lorne) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃʰɛŋɡə/
  • (Skye) IPA(key): /ˈtʲʰɛŋə/
  • (Lewis, Harris, Wester Ross) IPA(key): /ˈtʲʰɛɣə/
  • (Tiree, Mull, Islay, Mid Argyll) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃʰɛkə/
  • (East Sutherland, Easter Ross, Loch Ness) IPA(key): /ˈtʲʰɛŋi/ (corresponding to the form teangaidh)
  • (Northwest Sutherland, Eastern Highlands) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃʰɛɣi/, /ˈt͡ʃʰɤɣi/ (corresponding to the form teangaidh)

Noun

teanga f (dative singular teanga or teangaidh, genitive singular teanga or teangaidh, plural teangan or teangannan)

  1. (anatomy) tongue
  2. (linguistics) language
    Synonym: cànan

Declension
Declension of teanga (type III feminine noun)
Indefinite
Singular Plural
Nominative teanga teangannan
Genitive teanga theangannan
Dative teanga teangannan
Definite
Singular Plural
Nominative (an) teanga (na) teangannan
Genitive (na) teanga (nan) teangannan
Dative (an) teanga (na) teangannan
Vocative (a) theanga (a) theangannan
Declension of teanga (type Vd feminine noun)
Indefinite
Singular Plural
Nominative teanga teangan
Genitive teangaidh theangan
Dative teangaidh teangan
Definite
Singular Plural
Nominative (an) teanga (na) teangan
Genitive (na) teangaidh (nan) teangan
Dative (an) teangaidh (na) teangan
Vocative (a) theanga (a) theangan

Derived terms

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
teangatheanga
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “teanga”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “tengae”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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