valvama
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *valvadak. Cognate to Finnish valvoa (“to stay awake”) and Votic valvoa (“to guard”). See also valama (“to pour”).
Conjugation
Conjugation of valvama (ÕS type 29/hüppama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | valvan | ei valva | 1st sing. | olen valvanud | ei ole valvanud pole valvanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | valvad | 2nd sing. | oled valvanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | valvab | 3rd sing. | on valvanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | valvame | 1st plur. | oleme valvanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | valvate | 2nd plur. | olete valvanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | valvavad | 3rd plur. | on valvanud | ||||||
| passive | valvatakse | ei valvata | passive | on valvatud | ei ole valvatud pole valvatud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | valvasin | ei valvanud | 1st sing. | olin valvanud | ei olnud valvanud polnud valvanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | valvasid | 2nd sing. | olid valvanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | valvas | 3rd sing. | oli valvanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | valvasime | 1st plur. | olime valvanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | valvasite | 2nd plur. | olite valvanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | valvasid | 3rd plur. | oli valvanud | ||||||
| passive | valvati | ei valvatud | passive | oli valvatud | ei olnud valvatud polnud valvatud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | valvaksin | ei valvaks | 1st sing. | valvanuksin oleksin valvanud |
ei valvanuks ei oleks valvanud poleks valvanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | valvaksid | 2nd sing. | valvanuksid oleksid valvanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | valvaks | 3rd sing. | valvanuks oleks valvanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | valvaksime | 1st plur. | valvanuksime oleksime valvanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | valvaksite | 2nd plur. | valvanuksite oleksite valvanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | valvaksid | 3rd plur. | valvanuksid oleksid valvanud | ||||||
| passive | valvataks | ei valvataks | passive | oleks valvatud | ei oleks valvatud poleks valvatud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | valva | ära valva | 2nd sing. | ole valvanud | ära ole valvanud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | valvaku | ärgu valvaku | 3rd sing. | olgu valvanud | ärgu olgu valvanud | ||||
| 1st plur. | valvakem | ärme valvame ärme valva ärgem valvakem |
1st plur. | olgem valvanud | ärme oleme valvanud ärme ole valvanud ärgem olgem valvanud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | valvake | ärge valvake | 2nd plur. | olge valvanud | ärge olge valvanud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | valvaku | ärgu valvaku | 3rd plur. | olgu valvanud | ärgu olgu valvanud | ||||
| passive | valvatagu | ärgu valvatagu | passive | olgu valvatud | ärgu olgu valvatud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | valvavat | ei valvavat | active | olevat valvanud | ei olevat valvanud polevat valvanud | ||||
| passive | valvatavat | ei valvatavat | passive | olevat valvatud | ei olevat valvatud polevat valvatud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | valvama | valvatama | nominative | valvata | olla valvanud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | valvates | olles valvanud | |||||
| inessive | valvamas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | valvamast | present | valvav | valvatav | |||||
| translative | valvamaks | past | valvanud | valvatud | |||||
| abessive | valvamata | negative | valvamatu | — | |||||
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