έχω

See also: ἔχω

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἔχω (ékhō, “to have”). Cognate with Mariupol Greek э́ху (éxu).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈexo/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: έ‧χω

Verb

έχω • (écho) (imperfect είχα, past είχα, passive —)

  1. to have/hold, in the sense of holding (in one's possession) (a [legal/personal/possibly 'undesired']) property
    Έχω αυτοκίνητο ― Écho aftokínito ― I have a car
    Έχω πονοκέφαλο ― Écho ponokéfalo ― I have a headache
    Μήπως έχεις ένα στυλό; ― Mípos écheis éna styló? ― Do you have a pen?
    Έχω άδεια διαμονής ― Écho ádeia diamonís ― I hold/have a residence permit
    Έχω άδεια οδήγησης ― Écho ádeia odígisis ― I hold/have a driver's license
  2. to be (have/hold a property, characteristic)
    Έχει κρύο σήμερα. ― Échei krýo símera. ― It is cold today.
  3. to feel, have feelings
    Τι έχεις; Γιατί κλαις; ― Ti écheis; Giatí klais? ― What's [wrong] with you? Why are you crying? (literally, “What do you have?”)
  4. (grammar, auxiliary verb) to have +verbs (or participles) to form perfect tenses.
    έχω διαβάσει ― écho diavásei ― I have read

Usage notes
  • Passive voice forms (έχομαι (ékhomai)) exist only as second combining forms in compounds, e.g. κατέχομαι (katéchomai, “owned, possessed”)

Conjugation
  • Audio: present indicative(file)
    imperfect(file)
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έχω
Active voice ➤   —   Imperfective aspect ➤
Indicative mood ➤ Present ➤ Imperfect ➤ Future ➤
1 sg έχω είχα θα έχω
2 sg έχεις είχες θα έχεις
3 sg έχει είχε θα έχει
1 pl έχουμε, [έχομε] είχαμε θα έχουμε, [θα έχομε]
2 pl έχετε είχατε θα έχετε
3 pl έχουν, (έχουνε) είχαν, (είχανε) θα έχουν, (θα έχουνε)
Subjunctive mood ➤ Formed using present tense from above with a particle (να, ας).
Imperative mood ➤ 2 sg 2 pl
Imperfective aspect έχε έχετε
Other forms Present participle ➤
έχοντας1 ➤
Notes  
 
Appendix:Greek verbs		  1. Also, archaic active present participle: ο {έχων}, η {έχουσα}, το {έχον}
 • (…) optional or informal.   […] rare.   {…} learned, archaic.
 • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency.
 • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.

Derived terms
  • αντέχω (antécho, “withstand”)
  • απέχω (apécho, “I am distant from”)
  • διακατέχω (diakatécho, “I am in the grip of a feeling”)
  • εισέχω (eisécho, “I introvert”)
  • εμπεριέχω (emperiécho, “contain”)
  • ενέχω (enécho, “contain, hide within”)
  • εξέχω (exécho, “stand out”)
  • επέχω (epécho, “hold, serve as”)
  • έχοντες m pl (échontes, “the ones who have, the rich”)
  • έχων (échon, “one who has”, participle)
  • κατέχοντες m pl (katéchontes, “the ones who own, the rich”)
  • κατέχω (katécho, “to possess”)
  • μετέχω (metécho, “to participate”)
  • παραέχω (paraécho, “have too much of”)
  • παρέχω (parécho, “give, offer”)
  • περιέχω (periécho, “I contain”)
  • προέχω (proécho, “I am important”)
  • προκάτοχος m (prokátochos, “predecessor”)
  • προσέχω (prosécho, “pay attention”)
  • συμμετέχω (symmetécho, “participate”)
  • συνέχω (synécho, “hold together, possess”)
  • υπερέχω (yperécho, “surpass, I am better than”)

Phrases, proverbs:

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