گرد

See also: گرڈ and کرد

Central Kurdish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡəɾd/

Noun

گرد (gird)

  1. hill (elevated location)

Khalaj

Noun

گَرد (gərd) (definite accusative گَردی, plural گَردلَر)

  1. Arabic spelling of gərd (“dust”)

Declension
Declension of گرد
singular plural
nominative گرد گردلَر
genitive گردۆݧ گردلَریݧ
dative گردکه گردلَرکه
definite accusative گردۆ گردلَری
locative گردچه گردلَرچه
ablative گردده گردلَرده
instrumental گردله گردلَرله
equative گردوارا گردلَروارا

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (wrd-), [script needed] (wlt- /⁠ward-⁠/, “to turn, twist, writhe”), from Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎫 (vart-), from the Proto-Iranian root *wart- (“to turn”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wart-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, rotate”).[1][2]

Cognates include Sanskrit वर्त्ति (vártti), वर्तते (vártate, “to turn, roll”), Proto-Slavic *vьrtě̀ti (“to turn”), Latin vertere (“to turn”), German werden (“to turn (into), become”), English worth; also Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙- (varət-), Khotanese [script needed] (bal- /⁠baḍ-⁠/, “to move, writhe”), Parthian [script needed] (wrt-), [script needed] (wrd-), Sogdian wrtn.

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ɡɪɹd̪]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ɡɪɹd̪]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ɡiɹd̪̥]

Readings
Classical reading? gird
Dari reading? gird
Iranian reading? gerd
Tajik reading? gird

Adjective
Dari گرد
Iranian Persian
Tajik гирд

گرد • (gerd)

  1. round, circular
Derived terms
  • گردی (gerdi)
  • گردالی (gerdàli)

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gard, “dust”),[3] ultimately from the same root as the verb گَشتَن (gaštan, “to wander around”).

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ɡäɹd̪]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ɡäɹd̪]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ɡäɹd̪̥]

Readings
Classical reading? gard
Dari reading? gard
Iranian reading? gard
Tajik reading? gard

Noun

گرد • (gard)

  1. dust
  2. powder
Descendants
  • → Khalaj: gərd

Etymology 3

From Middle Persian [script needed] (gurd, “hero”).[4]

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ɡʊɹd̪]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ɡʊɹd̪]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ɡuɹd̪̥]

Readings
Classical reading? gurd
Dari reading? gurd
Iranian reading? gord
Tajik reading? gurd

Noun

گرد • (gord)

  1. hero

Etymology 4

From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭫𐭲 (-klt /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/), from Old Persian [script needed] (-kṛta, “made, done”), from Proto-Iranian *-kr̥táh, from the adjective *kr̥táh (“made, done”) (compare Avestan 𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (kərəta), Old Persian 𐎣𐎼𐎫 (k-r-t /⁠karta⁠/), Inscriptional Parthian -𐭊𐭓𐭕 (-krt /⁠-kirt, -gird⁠/)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (compare Sanskrit कृत (kṛtá)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷr̥tós, from the root *kʷer- (“to do, make”).

Alternative forms

Suffix

گرد • (-gerd or -gard)

  1. Suffix used to form city names.
Derived terms
Persian terms suffixed with گرد

References
  1. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*u̯art”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 423–425
  2. Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 514
  3. MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “gard”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 35
  4. MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “gurd”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 38
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