しかり

Japanese

Etymology 1
Alternative spellings
然り
爾り

/ɕika ari/ → /ɕikari/

Contraction of earlier form shika ari, from しか (shika, “like so”) + あり (ari, “to be”, the classical copula), literally meaning to be like so, to be thus.[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) しか​り [shìkáꜜrì] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ɕika̠ɾʲi]

Verb

しかり • (shikari) intransitive †-ri

  1. (formal) to be like so, to be thus
    逆(ぎゃく)も然(しか)り
    gyaku mo shikari
    the reverse is also true; vice versa
Usage notes

Note that the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) are the same for rahen verbs: the classical and formal versions of modern ある (aru), おる (oru), and derivatives.

Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "然り" (ラ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 然らしからsikara
Continuative (連用形) 然りしかりsikari
Terminal (終止形) 然りしかりsikari
Attributive (連体形) 然るしかるsikaru
Realis (已然形) 然れしかれsikare
Imperative (命令形) 然れしかれsikare
Key constructions
Negative 然らずしからずsikarazu
Contrasting conjunction 然れどしかれどsikaredo
Causal conjunction 然ればしかればsikareba
Conditional conjunction 然らばしからばsikaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 然りきしかりきsikariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 然りけりしかりけりsikarikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 然りつしかりつsikaritu
Perfect tense (natural event) 然りぬしかりぬsikarinu
Perfect-continuative tense 然りたり[1]しかりたりsikaritari
Volitional 然らむしからむsikaramu
[1]Often proscribed due to a redundancy of having 2 あり.

Etymology 2
Alternative spellings
叱り
叱
呵り
呵

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb しかる (shikaru, “to scold”), spelled with kanji as 叱る or 呵る (less common).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) しかり [shìkárí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ɕika̠ɾʲi]

Noun

しかり • (shikari) 

  1. 叱り, 叱, 呵り, 呵: a scolding

Verb

しかり • (shikari) 

  1. 叱り, 呵り: the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of 叱る (shikaru, “to scold”)

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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