叱

See also: 𠮟 and 𫜸

叱 U+53F1, 叱
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53F1
← 台
[U+53F0]
CJK Unified Ideographs 史 →
[U+53F2]

叱 U+2F83A, 叱
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F83A
← 叫
[U+2F839]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 吆 →
[U+2F83B]

Translingual

Alternative forms

Note that the right side component of this character (U+53F1) is written 𠤎 and not 匕. In Japan, as of the latest 2010 reform the correct form of the character is 𠮟 (U+20B9F) with 七 as the right side component.

Han character

叱 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 口心 (RP), four-corner 64010, composition ⿰口𠤎)

References

Chinese

simp. and trad.
叱
alternative forms 咜
𠮟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 叱
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *n̥ʰjid) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 七 (OC *sn̥ʰid).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 叱
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 昌 (24)
Final (韻) 質 (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 昌栗切
Baxter tsyhit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕʰiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕʰit̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕʰjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/cʰit̚/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕʰiĕt̚/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕʰĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕʰi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
cat1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 叱
Reading # 1/1
No. 9912
Phonetic
component
七
Rime
group
質
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
叱
Old
Chinese
/*n̥ʰjid/

Definitions

叱

  1. to scold; to shout at; to bawl out

Synonyms

Compounds

  • 叱叱
  • 叱吒
  • 叱名
  • 叱吒風雲/叱吒风云
  • 叱呵
  • 叱喝
  • 叱嗟
  • 叱嗟風雲/叱嗟风云
  • 叱石成羊
  • 叱罵/叱骂 (chìmà)
  • 叱責/叱责 (chìzé)
  • 叱退 (chìtuì)
  • 叱馭/叱驭
  • 呵叱 (hēchì)
  • 呼叱
  • 喑嗚叱吒/喑呜叱吒
  • 喑惡叱吒/喑恶叱吒
  • 大叱
  • 怒叱 (nùchì)
  • 風雲叱吒/风云叱吒

Japanese

Kanji

叱

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. to open the mouth

Readings

  • On (unclassified): か (ka)

Kanji

叱

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. scold
  2. shout
  3. reprove

Alternative forms

  • (prescriptively correct) 𠮟
    • This usage of 叱 was officially replaced in the 2010 jōyō reform in favor of the etymologically faithful 𠮟 (U+20B9F, restoring 七 as the phonetic component). 叱 remains in common usage.

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
叱
しっ
Grade: S
(ateji)
irregular

Interjection

叱(しっ) • (shi') 

  1. shh
  2. shoo

Korean

Hanja

叱 (eumhun 꾸짖을 질 (kkujijeul jil))

  1. Hanja form? of 질 (“scold”).

Compounds

Old Korean

Pronunciation

Conventionally reconstructed as *-s, after the Middle Korean reflexes.

Etymology 1

Generally thought to be from an otherwise unattested Old Chinese dialectal pronunciation of the character that began with *s-.

Minority views include that it is a graphic simplification of a different Chinese character, or that it is a gukja invented in Korea with 𠤎 representing the shape of the tongue while pronouncing /s/ and 口 being a radical that denotes a non-standard character.

Phonogram

叱 (*-s)

  1. A consonantal phonogram denoting coda consonant *-s

Alternative forms

  • 之 (logographic form, in Idu texts)

Particle

叱 (*-s)

  1. Genitive case marker, chiefly for inanimate nouns.
Usage notes

In Middle Korean, the genitive case marker ㅅ (Yale: -s) was used for both inanimate nouns and honored animate nouns, while the other genitive marker 의〮 (Yale: -úy) was reserved for non-honored animate nouns.

In the limited Old Korean corpus, 叱 (*-s) appears to be used chiefly for inanimate nouns. Meanwhile, many texts use the genitive 尸 (*-lq), with no evident Middle Korean reflex, for honored nouns such as the Buddha. There is a strong argument that 尸 (*-lq) is an allomorphic variant of 叱 (*-s), representing a phenomenon ancestral to the tensing of the subsequent obstruent that occurred in Middle Korean when ㅅ (-s) occurred between a sonorant and an obstruent. If true, there was no distinction between Old and Middle Korean in the use of the genitive -s.

Unlike the other Old Korean genitive marker 衣 (*-uy), 叱 (*-s) could follow other case markers.

Descendants
  • Middle Korean: ㅅ (-s, genitive case marker for inanimate or honored animate nouns)
    • Korean: ㅅ (-s-, interfix)

See also

  • 衣 (*-uy) (genitive case marker, often for animate nouns)
  • 尸 (*-lq) (genitive case marker, chiefly for honored animate nouns; possibly an allomorph of 叱)

References

  • 조은주 (Jo Eun-ju) (2002) “석독구결 자료에 나타난 속격조사에 대하여 [Seokdok gugyeol jaryo-e natanan sokgyeok josa-e daehayeo, On the genitive case markers in interpretive gugyeol texts]”, in Gungmunhak Nonjip, volume 18, pages 61–90
  • 장윤희 (Jang Yun-hui) (2011) “석독구결의 속격 "시(尸)"의 문제 해결을 위하여 [Seokdok gugyeol 'si'-ui munje haegyeor-eul wihayeo, For a solution to the problem of genitive 尸 in interpretive gugyeol]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 27, pages 117–144
  • Nam Pung-hyun (2012) “Old Korean”, in Tranter, Nicolas, editor, The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 41–72

Vietnamese

Han character

叱: Hán Nôm readings: sất, sứt, sớt

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