もろこし

Japanese

Etymology 1
Alternative spellings
唐土
唐

⟨mo2ro2 ko1si⟩ → ⟨moro2ko1si⟩ → */morəkosi/ → /morokoɕi/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).

Originally a compound of 諸 (moro-, prefix meaning "many") +‎ 越 (koshi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 越す (kosu, “to cross (over)”),[1] by reinterpretation of kun-reading 越 (koshi) from on-reading of 越 (Etsu).[2] The compound refers to the 百越 (Bǎiyuè, “Baiyue”, literally “Hundred Yue”),[3] a collective name for various ethnic groups which inhabited Southern China.

The kanji spellings 唐土 and 唐 are jukujikun (熟字訓), literally meaning “Tang land” and “Tang” respectively.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) もろこし [mòrókóshí] (Heiban – [0])[1][4]
  • IPA(key): [mo̞ɾo̞ko̞ɕi]

Proper noun

もろこし • (Morokoshi) 

  1. (archaic) China
    Synonyms: 唐土 (Tōdo), 唐 (Tō), 唐 (Kara), (modern) 中国 (Chūgoku)

Noun

もろこし • (morokoshi) 

  1. (archaic) any objects imported from China
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Alternative spellings
蜀黍
唐黍
もろこし (morokoshi, “sorghum”)
もろこし (morokoshi, “maize”)

Clipping of もろこしきび (morokoshi kibi), with the shortened reading then re-applied to the entire original kanji compounds 唐黍 and 蜀黍.[5]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) もろこし [mòrókóshí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [mo̞ɾo̞ko̞ɕi]

Noun

もろこし or モロコシ • (morokoshi) 

  1. sorghum
    Synonyms: 唐黍 (tōkibi), 高黍 (takakibi), 蜀黍 (shokusho)
  2. maize, corn (especially corn on the cob)
    Synonyms: 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi), 唐黍 (tōkibi)
Usage notes

The term 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi) is more common for the maize sense.

Derived terms

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. “唐土・唐”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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