冷たい

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
冷
つめ
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Compound of 爪 (tsume, “claw”) +‎ 痛い (itai, “painful”), with the medial /-i-/ falling out.[1][2][3][4]

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "冷たい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 冷たく つめたく [tsùmétákú]
Terminal (終止形) 冷たい つめたい
つめた​い
[tsùmétáí]
[tsùmétáꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 冷たい つめたい [tsùmétáí]
Key constructions
Informal negative 冷たくない つめたくな​い [tsùmétákúnáꜜì]
Informal past 冷たかった つめた​かった [tsùmétáꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 冷たくなかった つめたくな​かった [tsùmétákúnáꜜkàttà]
Formal 冷たいです つめた​いです [tsùmétáꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 冷たくて つめた​くて [tsùmétáꜜkùtè]
Conditional 冷たければ つめた​ければ [tsùmétáꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

冷(つめ)たい • (tsumetai) -i (adverbial 冷(つめ)たく (tsumetaku))

  1. (of an object) cold
  2. cold (unfriendly)
    心(こころ)が冷(つめ)たい人(ひと)
    kokoro ga tsumetai hito
    cold-hearted person
Inflection
Antonyms
Coordinate terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
冷
Grade: 4
irregular

Shift from tsumetai above.

First attested in at least 1889.[5]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) つべたい [tsùbétáí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝbe̞ta̠i]

Adjective

冷(つべ)たい • (tsubetai) -i (adverbial 冷(つべ)たく (tsubetaku))

  1. (of an object) cold
  2. cold (unfriendly)
Inflection

References

  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Martin, Samuel E. (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN
  4. 冷たい/つめたい - Gogen Yurai Jiten (in Japanese)
  5. “冷”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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