冷

冷 U+51B7, 冷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51B7
← 冶
[U+51B6]
CJK Unified Ideographs 冸 →
[U+51B8]
冷 U+F92E, 冷
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F92E
← 來
[U+F92D]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs 勞 →
[U+F92F]

Translingual

Stroke order
7 strokes
Traditional 冷
Simplified 冷
Japanese 冷
Korean 冷

Han character

冷 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈一人戈戈 (IMOII), four-corner 38127, composition ⿰冫令)

Derived characters

  • 唥 𣇝 𪞠 𪞧 𪲜 𪨺
  • 𫭶 𫥕 𫥖 𫥘 𫥜 𭂤 𰄇

See also

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冷
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ) : semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) – cold as ice.

Etymology 1

trad. 冷
simp. # 冷

A vocalic variant of 涼 (OC *ɡ·raŋ, “chilly; cold”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 冷
Mandarin Beijing /ləŋ²¹⁴/
Harbin /ləŋ²¹³/
Tianjin /ləŋ¹³/
Jinan /ləŋ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ləŋ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ləŋ⁵³/
Xi'an /ləŋ⁵³/
Xining /lə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /ləŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /lə̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /lɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nən⁴²/
Chengdu /nən⁵³/
Guiyang /nen⁴²/
Kunming /lə⁵³̃/
Nanjing /lən²¹²/
Hefei /lən²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /ləŋ⁵³/
Pingyao /ləŋ⁵³/
/liɑ⁵³/
Hohhot /lə̃ŋ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /lã²³/
Suzhou /lã³¹/
Hangzhou /len⁵³/
Wenzhou /liɛ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /lʌ̃³⁵/
/lɛ³⁵/
Tunxi /lɛ²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /lən⁴¹/
Xiangtan /nən⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /lɑŋ²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /laŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /lɑŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /laŋ²³/
Nanning /laŋ²⁴/
Hong Kong /laŋ¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liŋ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /lɛiŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /laiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /nẽ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /leŋ²¹³/
/lɛ²¹³/
/lɛ³¹/ 晾乾

Rime
Character 冷 冷
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 庚 (109) 青 (125)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II IV
Fanqie 魯打切 力鼎切
Baxter laengX lengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lˠæŋX/ /leŋX/
Pan
Wuyun
/lᵚaŋX/ /leŋX/
Shao
Rongfen
/laŋX/ /lɛŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/laɨjŋX/ /lɛjŋX/
Li
Rong
/lɐŋX/ /leŋX/
Wang
Li
/lɐŋX/ /lieŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/lɐŋX/ /lieŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
lěng lǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
lang5 ling5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 冷
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
lěng
Middle
Chinese
‹ lengX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[r]ˁeŋʔ/
English cold (Sagart & Ma, 2020)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 冷 冷
Reading # 1/3 3/3
No. 8276 8330
Phonetic
component
令 令
Rime
group
陽 耕
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
冷 笭
Old
Chinese
/*raːŋʔ/ /*reːŋʔ/
Definitions

冷

  1. cold; cool
    寒冷  ―  hánlěng  ―  cold
    冷水  ―  lěngshuǐ  ―  cold water
  2. (dialectal) to cool; to cool down; to become cold
  3. cold; desolate; quiet
  4. cold; indifferent
  5. to dishearten
  6. idle
  7. disdainful; sarcastic
  8. neglected; not popular
    冷門/冷门  ―  lěngmén  ―  unpopular
  9. unfamiliar; rare
    冷僻  ―  lěngpì  ―  rare
  10. corny; lame
  11. sudden; unexpected
  12. a surname

Synonyms

  • (cold):

Compounds

Pronunciation 2



Rime
Character 冷
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 青 (125)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 郎丁切
Baxter leng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/leŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/leŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/lɛŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lɛjŋ/
Li
Rong
/leŋ/
Wang
Li
/lieŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/lieŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
líng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ling4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 冷
Reading # 2/3
No. 8317
Phonetic
component
令
Rime
group
耕
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
靈
Old
Chinese
/*reːŋ/
Notes 冷凙
Definitions

冷

  1. Only used in 冷凙/冷𪞝.

Pronunciation 3


Definitions

冷

  1. Only used in 㓑冷.

Etymology 2

trad. 冷
simp. # 冷
alternative forms 唥
𦀬 Guangxi

Borrowed from French laine (“wool”).

Pronunciation


Definitions

冷

  1. (Cantonese, Liuzhou Mandarin, Pinghua, Leizhou Min, Hainanese) woollen yarn (Classifier: 條/条 c; 嚿 c)
Synonyms
Compounds

Etymology 3

trad. 冷
simp. # 冷
alternative forms 唥

Borrowed from Teochew 儂/侬 (nang5, “person”).

Pronunciation


Definitions

冷

  1. (Cantonese, slang, humorous) guy; person (Classifier: 條/条 c)
  2. (Cantonese) Used in words related to Teochew people.
    冷話/冷话 [Cantonese]  ―  laang5-1 waa6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  Teochew language

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

冷

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. cool
  2. cold (beer, person)
  3. chill

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
冷
ひや
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 冷 – see the following entry.
【ひや】
[noun] cold drinking water
Alternative spelling
冷や
(This term, 冷, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

冷 (eumhun 찰 랭 (chal raeng), South Korea 찰 냉 (chal naeng))

  1. Hanja form? of 랭/냉 (“cold”).

Vietnamese

Han character

冷: Hán Việt readings: lãnh[1]
冷: Nôm readings: linh[2], liểng[2], lành[3], lãnh[2], lênh[2], lạnh[4], lảnh[3], rãnh[2], rảnh[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of lãnh (“cold; neglected”).
  2. chữ Hán form of lạnh (“cold”).

Compounds

References

  1. Trần (1999).
  2. Hồ (1976).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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