屈服
Chinese
| bent; feel wronged | clothes; dress; garment clothes; dress; garment; submit; take (medicine) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (屈服) |
屈 | 服 | |
| alternative forms | 屈伏 | ||
Pronunciation
Verb
屈服
- to surrender; to yield; to concede
- (engineering, materials science, of a material specimen) to yield
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 屈 | 服 |
| くつ > くっ Grade: S |
ふく > ぷく Grade: 3 |
| kan’on | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 屈伏 |
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 屈服 (MC kjut|khjut bjuwk, literally “bend; crouch + submit; obey”). Compare modern Hakka reading khiut-fu̍k.
The modern reading kuppuku is a shift from earlier kutsubuku.
Noun
屈服 • (kuppuku)
- surrender, submission, or subjection (as to a ruler or other authority)
- prostration, kowtowing
Conjugation
Conjugation of "屈服する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 屈服し | くっぷくし | kuppuku shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 屈服し | くっぷくし | kuppuku shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 屈服する | くっぷくする | kuppuku suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 屈服する | くっぷくする | kuppuku suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 屈服すれ | くっぷくすれ | kuppuku sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 屈服せよ¹ 屈服しろ² |
くっぷくせよ¹ くっぷくしろ² |
kuppuku seyo¹ kuppuku shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 屈服される | くっぷくされる | kuppuku sareru | |
| Causative | 屈服させる 屈服さす |
くっぷくさせる くっぷくさす |
kuppuku saseru kuppuku sasu | |
| Potential | 屈服できる | くっぷくできる | kuppuku dekiru | |
| Volitional | 屈服しよう | くっぷくしよう | kuppuku shiyō | |
| Negative | 屈服しない | くっぷくしない | kuppuku shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 屈服せず | くっぷくせず | kuppuku sezu | |
| Formal | 屈服します | くっぷくします | kuppuku shimasu | |
| Perfective | 屈服した | くっぷくした | kuppuku shita | |
| Conjunctive | 屈服して | くっぷくして | kuppuku shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 屈服すれば | くっぷくすれば | kuppuku sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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