弾ける

Japanese
FWOTD – 24 May 2023
Kanji in this term
弾
はじ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
彈ける (kyūjitai)

Etymology
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) はじけ​る [hàjíkéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [ha̠ʑike̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

弾(はじ)ける • (hajikeru) intransitive ichidan (stem 弾(はじ)け (hajike), past 弾(はじ)けた (hajiketa))

Japanese verb pair
active 弾(はじ)く (弾(はじ)く)
mediopassive 弾(はじ)ける (弾(はじ)ける)
  1. to burst; to break from internal pressure (of a container)
    クリの実(み)が弾(はじ)ける
    kuri no mi ga hajikeru
    The chestnut breaks open.
    ポケットが弾(はじ)けそうだ
    poketto ga hajike sō da
    My pocket is about to burst.
  2. (often figurative) to disperse/scatter with a burst
    笑(わら)い声(ごえ)が弾(はじ)ける
    waraigoe ga hajikeru
    People burst into laughters.
    バブル経(けい)済(ざい)が弾(はじ)ける
    baburu keizai ga hajikeru
    The economy bubble bursts.
  3. to have fun; to party
    試(し)験(けん)が終(お)わったので、カラオケで弾(はじ)けた
    shiken ga owatta no de, karaoke de hajiketa
    Since the exam is over, we had fun at karaoke.
  4. to go public; to be revealed
    汚(お)職(しょく)事(じ)件(けん)が秘(ひ)書(しょ)の逮(たい)捕(ほ)で弾(はじ)けた
    oshoku jiken ga hisho no taiho de hajiketa
    The corruption case went public following the arrest of the secretary.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "弾ける" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 弾け はじけ hajike
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 弾け はじけ hajike
Shūshikei ("terminal") 弾ける はじける hajikeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 弾ける はじける hajikeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 弾けれ はじけれ hajikere
Meireikei ("imperative") 弾けよ¹
弾けろ²		 はじけよ¹
はじけろ²		 hajikeyo¹
hajikero²
Key constructions
Passive 弾けられる はじけられる hajikerareru
Causative 弾けさせる
弾けさす		 はじけさせる
はじけさす		 hajikesaseru
hajikesasu
Potential 弾けられる
弾けれる³		 はじけられる
はじけれる³		 hajikerareru
hajikereru³
Volitional 弾けよう はじけよう hajikeyō
Negative 弾けない
弾けぬ
弾けん		 はじけない
はじけぬ
はじけん		 hajikenai
hajikenu
hajiken
Negative continuative 弾けず はじけず hajikezu
Formal 弾けます はじけます hajikemasu
Perfective 弾けた はじけた hajiketa
Conjunctive 弾けて はじけて hajikete
Hypothetical conditional 弾ければ はじければ hajikereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Classical conjugation of "弾く" (カ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 弾けはじけfazike
Continuative (連用形) 弾けはじけfazike
Terminal (終止形) 弾くはじくfaziku
Attributive (連体形) 弾くるはじくるfazikuru
Realis (已然形) 弾くれはじくれfazikure
Imperative (命令形) 弾けよはじけよfazikeyo
Key constructions
Negative 弾けずはじけずfazikezu
Contrasting conjunction 弾くれどはじくれどfazikuredo
Causal conjunction 弾くればはじくればfazikureba
Conditional conjunction 弾けばはじけばfazikeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 弾けきはじけきfazikeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 弾けけりはじけけりfazikekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 弾けつはじけつfaziketu
Perfect tense (natural event) 弾けぬはじけぬfazikenu
Perfect-continuative tense 弾けたりはじけたりfaziketari
Volitional 弾けむはじけむfazikemu

References
  1. Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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