憩う

Japanese
Kanji in this term
憩
いこ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
息う

Etymology

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Nihon Ryōiki (810-824). Also cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720,[1] however, that may only be traceable to supplemental glosses added later to the kanbun original. In turn, from Proto-Japonic *yukəpu.

Considering the senses, and that the alternative kanji spelling with 息 was used for the Nihon Shoki kana gloss attestation, the term is likely derived from, or otherwise related to, 息 (iki, “breath, breathing”).

Pronunciation

Verb

憩(いこ)う • (ikou) ←いこふ (ikofu)?intransitive godan (stem 憩(いこ)い (ikoi), past 憩(いこ)った (ikotta))

  1. [from early 800s] to take a breather, to rest, to repose
    Synonyms: 息を継ぐ (iki o tsugu), 休息する (kyūsoku suru), 休憩する (kyūkei suru)

Conjugation
Conjugation of "憩う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 憩わ いこわ ikowa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 憩い いこい ikoi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 憩う いこう ikou
Rentaikei ("attributive") 憩う いこう ikou
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 憩え いこえ ikoe
Meireikei ("imperative") 憩え いこえ ikoe
Key constructions
Passive 憩われる いこわれる ikowareru
Causative 憩わせる
憩わす		 いこわせる
いこわす		 ikowaseru
ikowasu
Potential 憩える いこえる ikoeru
Volitional 憩おう いこおう ikoō
Negative 憩わない いこわない ikowanai
Negative continuative 憩わず いこわず ikowazu
Formal 憩います いこいます ikoimasu
Perfective 憩った いこった ikotta
Conjunctive 憩って いこって ikotte
Hypothetical conditional 憩えば いこえば ikoeba

Verb

憩(いこ)う • (ikou) ←いこふ (ikofu)?transitive †yodan

  1. [883 – ???] (Classical Japanese, archaic, possibly obsolete) to give someone a break, to make someone rest
    Synonyms: 休ます (yasumasu, causative of 休む (yasumu)), 休息させる (kyūsoku saseru, modern causative of 休息する (kyūsoku suru))

Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "憩ふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 憩はいこはikofa
Continuative (連用形) 憩ひいこひikofi
Terminal (終止形) 憩ふいこふikofu
Attributive (連体形) 憩ふいこふikofu
Realis (已然形) 憩へいこへikofe
Imperative (命令形) 憩へいこへikofe
Key constructions
Negative 憩はずいこはずikofazu
Contrasting conjunction 憩へどいこへどikofedo
Causal conjunction 憩へばいこへばikofeba
Conditional conjunction 憩はばいこはばikofaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 憩ひきいこひきikofiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 憩ひけりいこひけりikofikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 憩ひついこひつikofitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 憩ひぬいこひぬikofinu
Perfect-continuative tense 憩へり
憩ひたり		いこへり
いこひたり		ikoferi
ikofitari
Volitional 憩はむいこはむikofamu

Verb

憩(いこ)う • (ikou) ←いこふ (ikofu)?transitive †nidan

  1. [720 – ???] (Classical Japanese, archaic, possibly obsolete) to give someone a break, to make someone rest

Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "憩ふ" (ハ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 憩へいこへikofe
Continuative (連用形) 憩へいこへikofe
Terminal (終止形) 憩ふいこふikofu
Attributive (連体形) 憩ふるいこふるikofuru
Realis (已然形) 憩ふれいこふれikofure
Imperative (命令形) 憩へよいこへよikofeyo
Key constructions
Negative 憩へずいこへずikofezu
Contrasting conjunction 憩ふれどいこふれどikofuredo
Causal conjunction 憩ふればいこふればikofureba
Conditional conjunction 憩へばいこへばikofeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 憩へきいこへきikofeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 憩へけりいこへけりikofekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 憩へついこへつikofetu
Perfect tense (natural event) 憩へぬいこへぬikofenu
Perfect-continuative tense 憩へたりいこへたりikofetari
Volitional 憩へむいこへむikofemu

References
  1. “憩・息”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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