| dawn; to know; to tell (sb sth) | so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (曉然) | 曉 | 然 | |
| simp. (晓然) | 晓 | 然 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 曉 | 然 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 蕭 (93) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 馨皛切 | 如延切 |
| Baxter | xewX | nyen |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/heuX/ | /ȵiᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/heuX/ | /ȵiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/xeuX/ | /ȵʑjæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/hɛwX/ | /ȵian/ |
| Li Rong |
/xeuX/ | /ȵiɛn/ |
| Wang Li |
/xieuX/ | /ȵʑĭɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/xieuX/ | /ȵʑi̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xiǎo | rán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
hiu2 | jin4 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 曉 | 然 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xiǎo | rán |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ xewX › | ‹ nyen › |
| Old Chinese |
/*qʰˁewʔ/ | /*[n]a[n]/ |
| English | understand | so, thus; (adv suffix) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 曉 | 然 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14699 | 10756 |
| Phonetic component |
垚 | 肰 |
| Rime group |
宵 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
䥵 | 然 |
| Old Chinese |
/*hŋeːwʔ/ | /*njen/ |