泉

泉 U+6CC9, 泉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CC9
← 泈
[U+6CC8]
CJK Unified Ideographs 泊 →
[U+6CCA]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order
9 strokes

泉 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹日水 (HAE), four-corner 26232, composition ⿱白水)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 615, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17274
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1009, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1576, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+6CC9

Chinese

simp. and trad.
泉
alternative forms 𤽄
湶

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 泉
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script

Pictogram (象形) or ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 白 (“spring mouth”) + 水 (“water”) – water flowing from the source of a spring.

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs the Old Chinese as *dzwan and also reconstructs Proto-Tibeto-Burman *tso (“to bubble; to boil”) (> Tibetan འཚོད་པ ('tshod pa, “to be boiled”), Tibetan བཙོས (btsos, “to cook in boiling water”), Burmese ဆူ (hcu, “to boil; to bubble”)), and considers 泉 (OC *sɡʷen, “spring (of water)”) to be cognate to it (with an n-suffix nominalization). However, STEDT considers the above three Tibeto-Burman terms to be descended from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *tsjow (“to boil; to burn; to bake; to bake”), to which 焦 (OC *ʔsew, “to roast; to burn; to scorch”) is cognate.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • chôaⁿ - vernacular;
  • choân - literary.

Rime
Character 泉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 仙 (78)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 疾緣切
Baxter dzjwen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ziuᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡zʷiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡zjuæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡zwian/
Li
Rong
/d͡ziuɛn/
Wang
Li
/d͡zĭwɛn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/d͡zʱi̯wɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
quán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
cyun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 泉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
quán
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzjwen ›
Old
Chinese
/*s-N-ɢʷar/ (MC I!)
English spring, source

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 泉
Reading # 1/1
No. 10728
Phonetic
component
泉
Rime
group
元
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
全
Old
Chinese
/*sɡʷen/

Definitions

泉

  1. springwater (Classifier: 口 m; 眼 m)
    溫泉/温泉  ―  wēnquán  ―  hot spring
    甘泉  ―  gānquán  ―  sweet springwater
  2. mouth of a spring
  3. mythical abode of the dead
    黃泉/黄泉  ―  huángquán  ―  netherworld
  4. (historical) an ancient type of coin
  5. Short for 泉州 (Quánzhōu, “Quanzhou”).

Synonyms

  • (springwater):
  • 水泉 (shuǐquán) (literary or Min Nan)
  • 泉水 (quánshuǐ)
  • (mouth of a spring):

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

泉

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. spring (source of water)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
泉
いずみ
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

/idumi/ → /id͡zumi/ → (for most modern Japanese dialects; see also Yotsugana) /izumi/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Compound of 出づ (ancient reading idu, modern izu, “to come out”) +‎ 水 (mi, “water”).[1][2][3][4]

Pronunciation

Noun

泉(いずみ) • (izumi) ←いづみ (idumi)?

  1. natural spring, a wellspring
    Synonyms: 湧泉, 涌泉 (yūsen)
    若(わか)返(がえ)りの泉(いずみ)
    Wakagaeri no Izumi
    The Fountain of Youth
    • 1999 August 26, “泉(いずみ)の妖(よう)精(せい) [Fairy of the Fountain]”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:
      泉(いずみ)を守(まも)る妖(よう)精(せい)。泉(いずみ)を汚(けが)す者(もの)を容(よう)赦(しゃ)なく攻(こう)撃(げき)。
      Izumi o mamoru yōsei. Izumi o kegasu mono o yōsha naku kōgeki.
      A fairy who mercilessly assaults anyone who dares contaminate the fountain she’s sworn protects.

Proper noun

泉(いずみ) • (Izumi) ←いづみ (idumi)?

  1. a place name
  2. a surname
  3. a female given name

References

  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 泉 (MC dzjwen).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᄍᆑᆫ (Yale: ccyyèn)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527ᄉᆡᆷ〯 (Yale: sǒym)쳔 (Yale: chyèn)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 泉 (eumhun 샘 천 (saem cheon))

  1. Hanja form? of 천 (“spring”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

泉: Hán Nôm readings: tuyền

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