涼しい

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
涼
すず
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese 涼し (sususi, suzusi, “cold, refreshing, cool”), following シク活用 (shiku katsuyō, “-shiku conjugation”). First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, and the Man'yōshū, completed sometime after 759 CE.[1]

May ultimately derive from onomatopoeia. Compare 涼む (suzumu, “to cool down”).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) すずし​い [sùzúshíꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])[2][3]
  • IPA(key): [sɨᵝzɨᵝɕiː]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "涼しい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 涼しく すず​しく
すずし​く
[sùzúꜜshìkù]
[sùzúshíꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 涼しい すずし​い [sùzúshíꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 涼しい すずし​い [sùzúshíꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 涼しくない すず​しくない
すずし​くない
[sùzúꜜshìkùnàì]
[sùzúshíꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 涼しかった すず​しかった
すずし​かった
[sùzúꜜshìkàttà]
[sùzúshíꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 涼しくなかった すず​しくなかった
すずし​くなかった
[sùzúꜜshìkùnàkàttà]
[sùzúshíꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 涼しいです すずし​いです [sùzúshíꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 涼しくて すず​しくて
すずし​くて
[sùzúꜜshìkùtè]
[sùzúshíꜜkùtè]
Conditional 涼しければ すず​しければ
すずし​ければ
[sùzúꜜshìkèrèbà]
[sùzúshíꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

涼(すず)しい • (suzushii) -i (adverbial 涼(すず)しく (suzushiku))

  1. refreshing, cool

Inflection

Antonyms

Coordinate terms

References

  1. “涼”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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