直言
Chinese
straight; vertical; frank straight; vertical; frank; directly; straightly; upright |
to speak; to say; talk to speak; to say; talk; word | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (直言) |
直 | 言 | |
Pronunciation
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 直 | 言 |
| ちょく Grade: 2 |
げん Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi | |
Verb
直言する • (chokugen suru) suru (stem 直言し (chokugen shi), past 直言した (chokugen shita))
- to speak bluntly and to the point; to be outspoken
Conjugation
Conjugation of "直言する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 直言し | ちょくげんし | chokugen shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 直言し | ちょくげんし | chokugen shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 直言する | ちょくげんする | chokugen suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 直言する | ちょくげんする | chokugen suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 直言すれ | ちょくげんすれ | chokugen sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 直言せよ¹ 直言しろ² |
ちょくげんせよ¹ ちょくげんしろ² |
chokugen seyo¹ chokugen shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 直言される | ちょくげんされる | chokugen sareru | |
| Causative | 直言させる 直言さす |
ちょくげんさせる ちょくげんさす |
chokugen saseru chokugen sasu | |
| Potential | 直言できる | ちょくげんできる | chokugen dekiru | |
| Volitional | 直言しよう | ちょくげんしよう | chokugen shiyō | |
| Negative | 直言しない | ちょくげんしない | chokugen shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 直言せず | ちょくげんせず | chokugen sezu | |
| Formal | 直言します | ちょくげんします | chokugen shimasu | |
| Perfective | 直言した | ちょくげんした | chokugen shita | |
| Conjunctive | 直言して | ちょくげんして | chokugen shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 直言すれば | ちょくげんすれば | chokugen sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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