績

See also: 绩

績	U+7E3E, 績 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7E3E

← 總
[U+7E3D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

縿 →
[U+7E3F]

Translingual

Han character

績 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 女火手一金 (VFQMC), four-corner 2598₆, composition ⿰糹責)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 936, character 23

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27845

Dae Jaweon: page 1376, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3441, character 1

Unihan data for U+7E3E

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (朿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
債	ʔsreːɡs, ʔsreːɡ
積	ʔseɡs, ʔseɡ
刺	sʰeɡs, sʰeɡ
莿	sʰeːɡs, raːds
刾	*sʰeɡs
朿	*sʰeɡs
漬	*zeɡs
耫	zraːd, zreːɡ
嘖	ʔsraːɡ, ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ
梀	sreːɡ, sʰloːɡ, sloːɡ, l̥ʰoɡ
捒	sreːɡ, sroɡs, *sroɡs
幘	*ʔsreːɡ
簀	*ʔsreːɡ
嫧	ʔsreːɡ, sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ
謮	*ʔsreːɡ
責	*ʔsreːɡ
皟	*sʰreːɡ
憡	*sʰreːɡ
策	*sʰreːɡ
筴	sʰreːɡ, kreːb, *keːb
拺	sʰreːɡ, sreːɡ
賾	*zreːɡ
鰿	zreːɡ, ʔseɡ
擌	*sreːɡ
蹟	*ʔseɡ
襀	*ʔseɡ
磧	*sʰeɡ
洓	*sʰeɡ
績	*ʔseːɡ
勣	*ʔseːɡ
樍	*ʔseːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseːɡ) : semantic 糸 (“thread”) + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ) – to spin thread.

Etymology 1

trad.		績
simp.		绩
alternative forms		勣／𪟝

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jì, jī

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ, ㄐㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zik¹, zek³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chit

(Meixian, Guangdong): jid⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chek / chiak / chit / cheh

(Teochew, Peng'im): zêh⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jì
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jì
  - Wade–Giles: chi⁴
  - Yale: jì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jī
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ji
  - Wade–Giles: chi¹
  - Yale: jī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zik¹, zek³
  - Yale: jīk, jek
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁷, dzek⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: jig¹, zég³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚⁵/, /t͡sɛːk̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chit
  - Hakka Romanization System: jid`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: jid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sit̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: jid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sit̚¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
  - Tâi-lô: tsik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
  - Tâi-lô: tsiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
  - Tâi-lô: tsit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cid
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheh
  - Tâi-lô: tseh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeq
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡seʔ³²/

Note:

chek/chiak — literary ("achievement");
chit — common variant (俗);
cheh — vernacular ("to spin into thread").

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zêh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seʔ²/

Middle Chinese: tsek

Rime
Character	績
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	則歷切
Baxter	tsek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sek̚/
Wang Li	/t͡siek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡siek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤek/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔseːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	績	績
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jī	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsek ›	‹ tsek ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁek/	/*[ts]ˁek/
English	twist, spin	achieve; achievement
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	績
Reading #	1/1
No.	1782
Phonetic component	朿
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	績
Old Chinese	/*ʔseːɡ/

Definitions

績

to spin hemp into thread
achievement; accomplishment
alt. forms: 勣／𪟝 (jì)

Compounds

丕績／丕绩
佳績／佳绩 (jiājì)
偉績／伟绩 (wěijì)
功績／功绩 (gōngjì)
功績制／功绩制
勞績／劳绩 (láojì)
勛績／勋绩 (xūnjì)
實績／实绩 (shíjì)
庶績／庶绩
懋績／懋绩
成績／成绩 (chéngjì)
成績單／成绩单 (chéngjìdān)
成績平平／成绩平平
成績斐然／成绩斐然
戰績／战绩 (zhànjì)
政績／政绩 (zhèngjì)
敗績／败绩 (bàijì)
敬姜猶績／敬姜犹绩
業績／业绩 (yèjì)
殊勛異績／殊勋异绩
殊勛茂績／殊勋茂绩
汗馬之績／汗马之绩
汗馬功績／汗马功绩
治績／治绩
清績／清绩
紡績／纺绩 (fǎngjì)
紡績井臼／纺绩井臼
紡績器／纺绩器
績優／绩优
績優股／绩优股 (jìyōugǔ)
績學／绩学
績效／绩效 (jìxiào)
績效不彰／绩效不彰
績效斐然／绩效斐然
績用／绩用
績緒／绩绪
績麻拈苧／绩麻拈苎
考績／考绩 (kǎojì)
考績幽明／考绩幽明
考績黜陟／考绩黜陟
茂績／茂绩
著績／著绩
蠶績蟹匡／蚕绩蟹匡 (cánjìxièkuāng)
豐功偉績／丰功伟绩 (fēnggōngwěijī)
針黹紡績／针黹纺绩

Etymology 2

trad.		績
simp.		绩
alternative forms		襀／𫌀借

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chioh

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chioh
  - Tâi-lô: tsioh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cioiq
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sioʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sioʔ⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sioʔ³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sioʔ³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɤʔ³²/

Definitions

績 (Southern Min)

Used in 棉績／棉绩.
Used in 秧績／秧绩.

Compounds

拍棉績／拍棉绩
棉績被／棉绩被
棉績裘／棉绩裘
秧績／秧绩
秧績埕／秧绩埕

Japanese

Kanji

績

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

to spin thread or yarn

Readings

Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
Kun: うむ (umu, 績む)

Korean

Hanja

績 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

績: Hán Nôm readings: tích

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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