臘

See also: 腊, 𫞇, and 臈
臘 U+81D8, 臘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81D8
← 臗
[U+81D7]
CJK Unified Ideographs 臙 →
[U+81D9]
臘 U+F926, 臘
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F926
← 拉
[U+F925]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs 蠟 →
[U+F927]

Translingual

Traditional 臘
Shinjitai
(extended)
𫞇
Simplified 腊

Han character

臘 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+15, 19 strokes, cangjie input 月女女女 (BVVV), four-corner 72217, composition ⿰月巤(GJKV) or ⿰⺼巤(HT))

Derived characters

  • 𡅘, 𢺎, 𥸆, 𧅕

References

Chinese

trad. 臘
simp. 腊*
alternative forms 𦡳
𦠼
臈/腊

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *raːb) : semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + phonetic 巤 (OC *rab).

Etymology

Uncertain.

  • Bodde (1975) cites Zheng Xuan's comment on the relation between 臘 (OC *raːb, “year-end sacrifice”) and 獵 (OC *rab, “hunt”);
  • Boltz (1979) instead relates it to a much later word written with the same phonetic & meaning "to cut off, to terminate" (of a year);
  • Schuessler (2007) proposes an alternative Sino-Tibetan etymology: just as the 葉 (OC *hljeb, *leb) word-family encompasses the meanings "leaf > foliage, year, generation"; so the root *râp "new year, change of year" is apparently a parallel etymon, which also is cognate with Tibetan རབས། (rabs, “generation”) (Bodman, 1980).

Pronunciation


Note: lip6 - variant.
Note:
  • la̍p/lia̍p - literary;
  • la̍h - vernacular.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 臘
Mandarin Beijing /la⁵¹/
Harbin /la⁵³/
Tianjin /lɑ⁵³/
Jinan /la²¹/
Qingdao /la⁴²/
Zhengzhou /la²⁴/
Xi'an /la²¹/
Xining /la⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /la¹³/
Lanzhou /la¹³/
Ürümqi /la²¹³/
Wuhan /na²¹³/
Chengdu /na³¹/
Guiyang /na²¹/
Kunming /la̠³¹/
Nanjing /lɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /lɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /laʔ²/
Pingyao /lʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /laʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /laʔ¹/
Suzhou /laʔ³/
Hangzhou /lɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /la²¹³/
Hui Shexian /la²²/
Tunxi /lɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /la²⁴/
Xiangtan /nɒ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /laʔ²/ ~月
/laʔ⁵/ ~肉
Hakka Meixian /lap̚⁵/
Taoyuan /lɑp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lap̚²/
Nanning /ʟap̚²²/
Hong Kong /lap̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lap̚⁵/
/laʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /laʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /la⁴²/
/si²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /laʔ⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /la³³/

Rime
Character 臘
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 盍 (144)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 盧盍切
Baxter lap
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɑp̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/lɑp̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/lɑp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lap̚/
Li
Rong
/lɑp̚/
Wang
Li
/lɑp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/lɑp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
là
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
laap6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 臘
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
là
Middle
Chinese
‹ lap ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.rˁap/
English winter sacrifice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 臘
Reading # 1/1
No. 8146
Phonetic
component
巤
Rime
group
盍
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
臘
Old
Chinese
/*raːb/

Definitions

臘

  1. year-end sacrifice to the gods
  2. twelfth month of the Chinese lunar calendar
  3. dried preserved meat; cured meat
    燒臘/烧腊  ―  shāolà  ―  preserved or roasted meat
    臘鴨/腊鸭  ―  làyā  ―  dried preserved duck

Compounds

  • 一臘/一腊
  • 乾茨臘/干茨腊
  • 伏臘/伏腊
  • 厚味臘毒/厚味腊毒
  • 夏臘/夏腊
  • 寒冬臘月/寒冬腊月 (hándōnglàyuè)
  • 希臘/希腊 (Xīlà)
  • 希臘哲學/希腊哲学
  • 希臘字母/希腊字母
  • 希臘建築/希腊建筑
  • 希臘戲劇/希腊戏剧
  • 希臘教會/希腊教会
  • 希臘正教/希腊正教
  • 希臘神話/希腊神话
  • 希臘群島/希腊群岛
  • 年臘/年腊
  • 戒臘/戒腊
  • 歲時伏臘/岁时伏腊
  • 殘冬臘月/残冬腊月
  • 江西臘/江西腊 (jiāngxīlà)
  • 燒臘/烧腊 (shāolà)
  • 真臘/真腊 (Zhēnlà)
  • 耆臘/耆腊
  • 臘八/腊八 (Làbā)
  • 臘八節/腊八节 (Làbājié)
  • 臘八粥/腊八粥 (làbāzhōu)
  • 臘味/腊味
  • 臘尾/腊尾
  • 臘日/腊日
  • 臘月/腊月 (Làyuè)
  • 臘梅/腊梅 (làméi)
  • 臘盡/腊尽
  • 臘盡冬殘/腊尽冬残
  • 臘祭/腊祭
  • 臘肉/腊肉 (làròu)
  • 臘腸/腊肠 (làcháng)
  • 臘腸樹/腊肠树
  • 臘腸狗/腊肠狗
  • 臘酒/腊酒 (làjiǔ)
  • 臘鎗頭/腊枪头
  • 臘魚/腊鱼
  • 臘鴨/腊鸭 (làyā)
  • 臘鼓/腊鼓
  • 臘鼓頻催/腊鼓频催
  • 花臘搽/花腊搽
  • 葷湯臘水/荤汤腊水
  • 蘇門答臘/苏门答腊 (Sūméndálà)
  • 走臘法/走腊法
  • 醃臘/腌腊

References

Japanese

Shinjitai
(extended)

𫞇

Kyūjitai

臘

Kanji

臘

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Noun

臘(ろう) • (rō) 

  1. a Buddhist ceremony held in winter on the third day of the dog
  2. the twelfth month of the lunar-solar calendar
  3. a year in Buddhism after one completes a meditation retreat

Synonyms

Korean

Hanja

臘 • (rap>nap) (hangeul 랍>납, revised rap>nap, McCune–Reischauer rap>nap, Yale lap>nap)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

臘: Hán Nôm readings: chạp, chợp, lạp, lép

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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