覆う

Japanese
Kanji in this term
覆
おお
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
被う
蔽う
蓋う
掩う

Etymology

/opu pu/ → /opopu/ → /ofofu/ → */owou/ → /oːu/

From the Old Japanese verb 覆ふ (opu, “cover from above”) + ふ (-fu, auxiliary verb modifier, expressing repetition or ongoing state).[1]

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "覆う"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 覆う おおう [òóú]
Imperative (命令形) 覆え おおえ [òóé]
Key constructions
Passive 覆われる おおわれる [òówárérú]
Causative 覆わせる おおわせる [òówásérú]
Potential 覆える おおえる [òóérú]
Volitional 覆おう おおお​ー [òóóꜜò]
Negative 覆わない おおわない [òówánáí]
Negative perfective 覆わなかった おおわな​かった [òówánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 覆います おおいま​す [òóímáꜜsù]
Perfective 覆った おおった [òóttá]
Conjunctive 覆って おおって [òótté]
Hypothetical conditional 覆えば おおえ​ば [òóéꜜbà]

Verb

覆(おお)う • (ōu) ←おほふ (ofofu)?transitive godan (stem 覆(おお)い (ōi), past 覆(おお)った (ōtta))

  1. to cover
    雲(くも)が東(とう)欧(おう)を覆(おお)う
    kumo ga Tōō o ōu
    clouds cover eastern Europe
    道(みち)は雪(ゆき)で覆(おお)われています
    michi wa yuki de ōwarete imasu
    the road is covered with snow
  2. to cover up, to conceal, to hide
  3. to permeate, to spread throughout
  4. to include everything (Can we verify(+) this sense?)

Conjugation
Conjugation of "覆う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 覆わ おおわ ōwa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 覆い おおい ōi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 覆う おおう ōu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 覆う おおう ōu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 覆え おおえ ōe
Meireikei ("imperative") 覆え おおえ ōe
Key constructions
Passive 覆われる おおわれる ōwareru
Causative 覆わせる
覆わす		 おおわせる
おおわす		 ōwaseru
ōwasu
Potential 覆える おおえる ōeru
Volitional 覆おう おおおう ōō
Negative 覆わない おおわない ōwanai
Negative continuative 覆わず おおわず ōwazu
Formal 覆います おおいます ōimasu
Perfective 覆った おおった ōtta
Conjunctive 覆って おおって ōtte
Hypothetical conditional 覆えば おおえば ōeba
Classical conjugation of "覆ふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 覆はおほはofofa
Continuative (連用形) 覆ひおほひofofi
Terminal (終止形) 覆ふおほふofofu
Attributive (連体形) 覆ふおほふofofu
Realis (已然形) 覆へおほへofofe
Imperative (命令形) 覆へおほへofofe
Key constructions
Negative 覆はずおほはずofofazu
Contrasting conjunction 覆へどおほへどofofedo
Causal conjunction 覆へばおほへばofofeba
Conditional conjunction 覆はばおほはばofofaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 覆ひきおほひきofofiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 覆ひけりおほひけりofofikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 覆ひつおほひつofofitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 覆ひぬおほひぬofofinu
Perfect-continuative tense 覆へり
覆ひたり		おほへり
おほひたり		ofoferi
ofofitari
Volitional 覆はむおほはむofofamu

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Robert E. Morrell (2002) Early Kamakura Buddhism: A Minority Report (Nanzan Studies in Religion and Culture), Jain Publishing Company, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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