起きる

Japanese

Kanji in this term
起
お
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese 起く (oku), following 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”), from Proto-Japonic *əku.

First cited to the Man'yōshū of circa 759 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) おき​る [òkíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [o̞kʲiɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • (file)
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "起きる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
起きる おき​る [òkíꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 起きろ おき​ろ [òkíꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 起きられる おきられ​る [òkíráréꜜrù]
Causative 起きさせる おきさせ​る [òkísáséꜜrù]
Potential 起きられる おきられ​る [òkíráréꜜrù]
Volitional 起きよう おきよ​ー [òkíyóꜜò]
Negative 起きない おき​ない [òkíꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 起きなかった おき​なかった [òkíꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 起きます おきま​す [òkímáꜜsù]
Perfective 起きた お​きた [óꜜkìtà]
Conjunctive 起きて お​きて [óꜜkìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 起きれば おき​れば [òkíꜜrèbà]

Verb

起(お)きる • (okiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 起(お)き (oki), past 起(お)きた (okita))

Japanese verb pair
active 起こす
mediopassive 起きる
  1. to wake up
    • 2003 September 22, Akinobu Uraku, “第(だい)61(ろくじゅういち)話(わ) 愛(いと)しきものの為(ため)に [Chapter 61: All for Our Loved Ones]”, in 東(とう)京(きょう)アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, →ISBN, page 59:
      起(お)きてよ 風使(かぜつか)いのにーちゃん!こんなことで寝(ね)てるとカゼひいちゃうよ
      Okite yo Kazetsukai no nī-chan! Konna koto de neteru to kaze hiichau yo
      Wake up, brother Wind Master! You’ll catch a cold if you keep sleeping like this
  2. to stay up, to stay awake
  3. to get up, to sit up
  4. to occur, to happen

Conjugation

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

  1. “起”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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