遡る

Japanese

Kanji in this term
遡
さかのぼ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
溯る
泝る
逆上る

Etymology

Likely from Old Japanese, compound of 逆(さか) (saka, “reverse”) + 上(のぼ)る (noboru, “ascend, go up”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) さかのぼ​る [sàkánóbóꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [4])[1]
  • IPA(key): [sa̠ka̠no̞bo̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "遡る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
遡る さかのぼ​る [sàkánóbóꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 遡れ さかのぼ​れ [sàkánóbóꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive 遡られる さかのぼられ​る [sàkánóbóráréꜜrù]
Causative 遡らせる さかのぼらせ​る [sàkánóbóráséꜜrù]
Potential 遡れる さかのぼれ​る [sàkánóbóréꜜrù]
Volitional 遡ろう さかのぼろ​ー [sàkánóbóróꜜò]
Negative 遡らない さかのぼら​ない [sàkánóbóráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 遡らなかった さかのぼら​なかった [sàkánóbóráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 遡ります さかのぼりま​す [sàkánóbórímáꜜsù]
Perfective 遡った さかのぼ​った [sàkánóbóꜜttà]
Conjunctive 遡って さかのぼ​って [sàkánóbóꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 遡れば さかのぼ​れば [sàkánóbóꜜrèbà]

Verb

遡(さかのぼ)る • (sakanoboru) intransitive godan (stem 遡(さかのぼ)り (sakanobori), past 遡(さかのぼ)った (sakanobotta))

  1. go back, extend back (in time), stretch back
    根源(こんげん)に遡(さかのぼ)って考(かんが)える
    kongen ni sakanobotte kangaeru
    (please add an English translation of this example)
  2. advance against the flow of water; go upstream (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4461:
      , text here
      保里江欲利(ほりえより)美乎(みを)左香能保流(さかのぼる)梶(かぢの)音(おと)乃(の)麻奈久曽奈良波(まなくぞならは)古非之可利家留(こひしかりける) [Man'yōgana]
      堀(ほり)江(え)より水脈(みを)さかのぼる楫(かぢ)の音(おと)の間(ま)なくぞ奈良(なら)は恋(こひ)しかりける [Modern spelling]
      horie yori mio sakanoboru kaji no oto no manaku zo Nara wa koishikarikeru
      Like the oars' noise going up the current from the [Naniwa] channel, so without interval I have come to long for the capital of Nara![2]

Conjugation

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Jan Lodewijk Pierson, Jr. (1963) The Manyôśû Translated and Annotated, Book XX, Brill Archive, page 166
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