舵

See also: 柁
舵 U+8235, 舵
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8235
← 舴
[U+8234] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 舶 →
[U+8236]

Translingual

Han character

舵 (Kangxi radical 137, 舟+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹卜十心 (HYJP), four-corner 23411, composition ⿰舟它)

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1010, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30400
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1468, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3060, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+8235

Chinese
trad. 舵
simp. # 舵
alternative forms 舦 Cantonese
艜／𰰏 Cantonese
柁 Southern Min

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (它) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
佗 *l̥ʰaːl, *l'aːl
拕 *l̥ʰaːl, *l'aːlʔ
它 *l̥ʰaːl
蛇 *l̥ʰaːl, *ɦljaːl, *lal
袉 *l̥ʰaːlʔ, *l'aːl, *l'aːlʔ
鴕 *l'aːl
駝 *l'aːl
紽 *l'aːl
鮀 *l'aːl
陀 *l'aːl
沱 *l'aːl, *l'aːlʔ
跎 *l'aːl
詑 *l'aːl, *l'aːlʔ, *hlel, *lal, *l̥ʰoːl
酡 *l'aːl
迱 *l'aːl
舵 *l'aːlʔ
柁 *l'aːlʔ
鉈 *ɦljaːl, *hljal

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːlʔ) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl).

Etymology

Attested late, in Shiming as 柂 and Guangyun as 舵.

Shiming connects it to 拖 (OC *l̥ˤaj, “to drag, to pull, to haul”). Meanwhile, Schuessler (2007) considers it an areal word; compare Vietnamese lái (“to drive (a wheeled vehicle), to steer (a vessel), etc.”) and Thai ท้าย (táai, “stern; back; rear end”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • to5 - literary;
  • to4 - vernacular (read as 砣, usually in compounds in the sense of “rudder”);
  • taai5 - vernacular (“rudder; steering”).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 舵
Mandarin Beijing /tuo⁵¹/
Harbin /tuo⁵³/
Tianjin /tuo⁵³/
Jinan /tuə²¹/
Qingdao /tuə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /tuo³¹²/
Xi'an /tʰuo²¹/
Xining /tu²¹³/
Yinchuan /tʰuə⁵³/
/tuə¹³/
Lanzhou /tʰuə⁵³/
Ürümqi /tuɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /tuo³⁵/
Chengdu /to¹³/
Guiyang /to²¹³/
Kunming /to²¹²/
Nanjing /to⁴⁴/
Hefei /tʊ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /tuɤ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /tuə⁵³/
Hohhot /tuɤ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /du²³/
Suzhou /dəu³¹/
Hangzhou /do¹³/
Wenzhou /dɤu³⁵/
Hui Shexian /to³⁵/
Tunxi /to²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /to⁵⁵/
/to¹¹/
Xiangtan /do²¹/
Gan Nanchang /tʰo²¹/
Hakka Meixian /tʰo¹¹/
Taoyuan /tʰo¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tʰɔ²¹/
Nanning /tʰɔ²⁴/
/tʰɔ²¹/
Hong Kong /tʰɔ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /to²²/
/tua²²/ 捍～
/tai²²/ ～公
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tuɑi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tuɛ⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /tua³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdua³³/
/ʔdai³³/
/ʔdo⁵⁵/ 俗
Rime
Character 舵
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒可切
Baxter daX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /dɑX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /dɑX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /dɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /daX/
Li
Rong		 /dɑX/
Wang
Li		 /dɑX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /dʱɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 duò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 do6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 舵
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 duò
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ daX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*lˁajʔ/ (~ *C.lˁajʔ)
English rudder; helm

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 舵
Reading # 1/1
No. 12225
Phonetic
component		 它
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 爹
Old
Chinese		 /*l'aːlʔ/
Notes 同柁

Definitions

舵

  1. (nautical, aeronautics) rudder; helm
  2. (Cantonese) steering (of a vehicle)
    Alternative form: (Cantonese) 軚／𮷗 (taai5)

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji
舵

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. rudder, tiller, helm

Readings
  • Go-on: だ (da)
  • Kan-on: た (ta)
  • Kun: かじ (kaji, 舵)

Etymology
Kanji in this term
舵
かじ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

/kadi/ → /kad͡ʑi/

From Old Japanese. This originally referred to a single oar-like device attached to the back of a small boat and swept from side to side to propel the boat forward. This was also used for steering, and over time, the “single back oar” sense was largely superseded by the “steering device” sense.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

舵(かじ) • (kaji) ←かぢ (kadi)?

  1. (nautical) the rudder of a boat or ship
  2. (nautical, aeronautics) the helm, tiller, or wheel of a boat or ship, or of an aircraft
  3. (figurative) a position of leadership or control
  4. (nautical) a single oar-like device attached to the back of a small boat and swept from side to side to propel the boat forward

Synonyms
  • (rudder): 舵(かじ)板(ばん) (kajiban, literally “rudder board”)

Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

舵 (eumhun 키 타 (ki ta))

  1. Hanja form? of 타 (“rudder, tiller, helm”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

舵: Hán Việt readings: đà

References
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