뜨겁다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Hanjungnok (閑中錄 / 한중록), 1805, as Early Modern Korean ᄯᅳ겁다 (Yale: stukep-ta).[1]
From 뜨 (tteu) + 겁 (-geop, intensifying adjective-deriving suffix), the first element being from an analysis of 뜨뜻하다 (tteutteuthada, “to be warm”) as a reduplication of the morpheme 뜨 (tteu). Compare 심심하다 (simsimhada, “to be not salty”) > 싱겁다 (singgeopda, “to be bland, to be insipid (of food)”) via the same process.[1]
Partly displaced 덥다 (deopda, “to be hot”), which is now largely reserved for the weather.[1]
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͈ɯɡʌ̹p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [뜨겁따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | tteugeopda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | tteugeobda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ttŭgŏpta |
| Yale Romanization? | ttukepta |
Adjective
| Yin-form | 뜨겁다 (tteugeopda) |
|---|---|
| Yang-form | 따갑다 (ttagapda) |
뜨겁다 • (tteugeopda) (infinitive 뜨거워, sequential 뜨거우니)
- to be hot (of the temperature of an object)
- Antonym: 차갑다 (chagapda)
- (figurative) to be passionate
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 뜨겁다 (tteugeopda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 뜨겁다 tteugeopda |
뜨거워 tteugeowo |
뜨거워요 tteugeowoyo |
뜨겁습니다 tteugeopseumnida |
| Past | 뜨거웠다 tteugeowotda |
뜨거웠어 tteugeowosseo |
뜨거웠어요 tteugeowosseoyo |
뜨거웠습니다 tteugeowotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 뜨거우냐 tteugeounya |
뜨거워 tteugeowo |
뜨거워요 tteugeowoyo |
뜨겁습니까 tteugeopseumnikka |
| Past | 뜨거웠냐 tteugeowonnya |
뜨거웠어 tteugeowosseo |
뜨거웠어요 tteugeowosseoyo |
뜨거웠습니까 tteugeowotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 뜨겁겠다 tteugeopgetda | 뜨겁겠어 tteugeopgesseo | 뜨겁겠어요 tteugeopgesseoyo | 뜨겁겠습니다 tteugeopgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 뜨거워 tteugeowo | 뜨거워서 tteugeowoseo | 뜨거우니 tteugeouni | 뜨거우니까 tteugeounikka | |
| Contrast | 뜨겁지만 tteugeopjiman | 뜨거운데 tteugeounde | 뜨겁더니 tteugeopdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 뜨겁고 tteugeopgo | ||||
| Condition | 뜨거우면 tteugeoumyeon | 뜨거워야 tteugeowoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 뜨거움 tteugeoum | 뜨겁기 tteugeopgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 뜨거웠음 tteugeowosseum | 뜨거웠기 tteugeowotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 뜨거운 tteugeoun | |||
| Future | 뜨거울 tteugeoul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 뜨거우시다 tteugeousida |
뜨거우셔 tteugeousyeo |
뜨거우세요, 뜨거우셔요 tteugeouseyo, tteugeousyeoyo |
뜨거우십니다 tteugeousimnida |
| Past | 뜨거우셨다 tteugeousyeotda |
뜨거우셨어 tteugeousyeosseo |
뜨거우셨어요 tteugeousyeosseoyo |
뜨거우셨습니다 tteugeousyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 뜨거우시냐 tteugeousinya |
뜨거우셔 tteugeousyeo |
뜨거우세요, 뜨거우셔요 tteugeouseyo, tteugeousyeoyo |
뜨거우십니까 tteugeousimnikka |
| Past | 뜨거우셨냐 tteugeousyeonnya |
뜨거우셨어 tteugeousyeosseo |
뜨거우셨어요 tteugeousyeosseoyo |
뜨거우셨습니까 tteugeousyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 뜨거우시겠다 tteugeousigetda | 뜨거우시겠어 tteugeousigesseo | 뜨거우시겠어요 tteugeousigesseoyo | 뜨거우시겠습니다 tteugeousigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 뜨거우셔 tteugeousyeo | 뜨거우셔서 tteugeousyeoseo | 뜨거우시니 tteugeousini | 뜨거우시니까 tteugeousinikka | |
| Contrast | 뜨거우시지만 tteugeousijiman | 뜨거우신데 tteugeousinde | 뜨거우시더니 tteugeousideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 뜨거우시고 tteugeousigo | ||||
| Condition | 뜨거우시면 tteugeousimyeon | 뜨거우셔야 tteugeousyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 뜨거우심 tteugeousim | 뜨거우시기 tteugeousigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 뜨거우셨음 tteugeousyeosseum | 뜨거우셨기 tteugeousyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 뜨거우신 tteugeousin | |||
| Future | 뜨거우실 tteugeousil | ||||
Derived terms
- 낯뜨겁다 (nattteugeopda)
- 뜨거워지다 (tteugeowojida)
References
- 이영경 (Yi Yeong-gyeong) (2012) “국어 온도 표현 어휘의 발달에 대하여 [gugeo ondo pyohyeon eohwiui baldare daehayeo, A Historical Study of Korean Temperature Words]”, in Han'guk Munhwa, volume 57, pages 249—275
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