-ок

See also: ок, ок., and Appendix:Variations of "ok"

Russian

Alternative forms
  • -ёк (-jók) (after certain letters, especially paired soft consonants)
  • -ек (-ek) (after certain letters)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

Pronunciation
  • -о́к: IPA(key): [ˈok]
  • -ок: IPA(key): [ək]

Suffix

-о́к or -ок • (-ók or -ok)

  1. (highly productive) takes male nouns, produces diminutive male nouns, sometimes with further sense development[1]
    ‎дуб (dub, “oak”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎дубо́к (dubók, “oakling, little oak”)
    ‎шум (šum, “noise”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎шумо́к (šumók, “noise”)
    ‎чай (čaj, “tea”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎чаёк (čajók, “tea”) (colloquial, endearing)
    ‎руче́й (ručéj, “brook”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎ручеёк (ručejók, “little brook”)
    ‎у́голь (úgolʹ, “coal”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎уголёк (ugoljók, “ember”)
    ‎у́гол (úgol, “corner”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎уголо́к (ugolók, “corner”)
    ‎пень (penʹ, “stump”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎пенёк (penjók, “small stump”)
    ‎зверь (zverʹ, “beast”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎зверёк (zverjók, “little beast”)
    ‎кре́ндель (kréndelʹ, “pretzel”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎кренделёк (krendeljók, “pretzel”)
    ‎кре́ндель (kréndelʹ, “guy”) (slang, pejorative) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎кренделёк (krendeljók, “guy, dude, bloke”) (slang, pejorative)
    ‎тип (tip, “man, guy”) (colloquial, sometimes pejorative) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎типо́к (tipók, “man, guy”) (colloquial, likely pejorative)
    ‎глаз (glaz, “eye”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎глазо́к (glazók, “peephole”)
    ‎язы́к (jazýk, “tongue”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎язычо́к (jazyčók, “small tongue; uvula; reed (musical)”)
    ‎кула́к (kulák, “cam”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎кулачо́к (kulačók, “small cam; lobe”)
  2. (highly productive, takes given name, produces given name, diminutive) paired with -ик (-ik), -ук (-uk), -юк (-juk)[2]
    ‎И́горь (Ígorʹ, “Igor”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎Игорёк (Igorjók, “little Igor”)
    ‎Са́ша (Sáša, “Sasha”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎Сашо́к (Sašók, “little Sasha”)
    ‎Васили́са (Vasilísa, “Vasilisa”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎Василёк (Vasiljók, “little Vasilisa”)
  3. (productive, colloquial, unstressed, takes verbs, produces nouns) an object that remains after process is done[3]
    ‎обре́зать (obrézatʹ, “to clip, to trim”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎обре́зок (obrézok, “clipping”)
    ‎объед- (obʺjed-, “to eat away”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎объе́док (obʺjédok, “scrap”)
    ‎о- (o-) + ‎кури́ть (kurítʹ, “to smoke”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎оку́рок (okúrok, “butt”)
    ‎наброса́ть (nabrosátʹ, “to sketch”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎набро́сок (nabrósok, “sketch”)
    ‎отпеча́тать (otpečátatʹ, “to imprint”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎отпеча́ток (otpečátok, “mark, fingerprint”)
    ‎слепи́ть (slepítʹ, “to model, to sculpt”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎сле́пок (slépok, “mold”)
  4. (animate, takes verbs, produces nouns) agent[4]
    ‎е́здить (jézditʹ, “to ride”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎ездо́к (jezdók, “rider”)
    ‎стреля́ть (streljátʹ, “to shoot”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎стрело́к (strelók, “shooter”)
    ‎знать (znatʹ, “to know”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎знато́к (znatók, “cognoscente”)
  5. (takes verbs, produces nouns) a tool or means of an action[5]
    ‎скреб- (skreb-) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎скребо́к (skrebók, “scraper”)
    ‎мани́ть (manítʹ, “to lure”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎мано́к (manók, “bait”)
    ‎пома́зать (pomázatʹ, “to oil, to lubricate”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎помазо́к (pomazók, “shaving brush”)
  6. (inanimate, takes verbs, produces nouns) subject of an action[6]
    ‎расти́ (rastí, “to grow”) (past tense рос (ros), compare рост (rost, “growth”)) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎росто́к (rostók, “sprout, shoot”)
    ‎гуде́ть (gudétʹ, “to hoot, to honk”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎гудо́к (gudók, “hooter, car honk”)
    ‎по- (po-) + ‎пла́вать (plávatʹ, “to swim, to float”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎поплаво́к (poplavók, “float”)
  7. (takes verbs, produces nouns) place of an action[7]
    ‎ката́ться (katátʹsja, “to ski, to skate”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎като́к (katók, “ice skating rink”)
  8. (productive, colloquial, stressed, takes verbs, produces nouns) one occurrence of an action; separate act[8]
    ‎глота́ть (glotátʹ, “to swallow”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎глото́к (glotók, “swallow, gulp”)
    ‎кива́ть (kivátʹ, “to nod, to beckon”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎киво́к (kivók, “nod”)
    ‎зевать (zevatʹ, “to yawn, to gape”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎зево́к (zevók, “yawn, gape”)
    ‎пина́ть (pinátʹ, “to kick”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎пино́к (pinók, “kick”)
    ‎ма́зать (mázatʹ, “to daub, to paint, to oil”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎мазо́к (mazók, “dab, stroke”)
    ‎бро́сить (brósitʹ, “to throw”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎бросо́к (brosók, “throw”)
    ‎скака́ть (skakátʹ, “to jump”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎скачо́к (skačók, “jump, leap”)
    ‎толка́ть (tolkátʹ, “to push”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎толчо́к (tolčók, “push”)
    ‎хло́пать (xlópatʹ, “to clap, to slap”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎хлопо́к (xlopók, “clap, slap”)
    ‎шлёпать (šljópatʹ, “to slap, to smack”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎шлепо́к (šlepók, “slap, smack”)
    ‎звони́ть (zvonítʹ, “to ring”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎звоно́к (zvonók, “bell”)
    ‎греб- (greb-, “to row”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎гребо́к (grebók, “stroke (of an oar)”)
    ‎пры́гать (prýgatʹ, “to jump”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎прыжо́к (pryžók, “jump”)
    ‎кувыр(ка́ться) (kuvyr(kátʹsja), “to somersault”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎кувыро́к (kuvyrók, “roll, somersault”)
    ‎плева́ть (plevátʹ, “to spit”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎плево́к (plevók, “spit”)
  9. (takes adjective, produces nouns)[9]
    ‎жёлтый (žóltyj, “yellow”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎желто́к (želtók, “yolk”)
    ‎бе́лый (bélyj, “white”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎бело́к (belók, “egg white; white (of the eye)”)
    ‎бе́лый (bélyj, “white”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎белёк (beljók, “young seal”)
    ‎ма́лый (mályj, “small”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎малёк (maljók, “whitebait”)
    ‎ди́кий (díkij, “wild”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎дичо́к (dičók, “wilding”) (botany)
    ‎ми́лый (mílyj, “dear”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎мило́к (milók, “dear, good man”) (in direct address)
    ‎ва́леный (válenyj, “woolen”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎ва́ленок (válenok, “felt boot”)
    ‎ка́таный (kátanyj, “rolled”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎ка́танок (kátanok, “felt boot”) (colloquial)
  10. (with недо-, productive, colloquial, takes nouns, produces nouns) undeveloped or transitional object[10]
    недоу́мок ― nedoúmok ― half-wit, featherbrain
    недопёсок ― nedopjósok ― young polar fox
    недолеток ― nedoletok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    недолисок ― nedolisok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  11. (takes nouns, produces nouns) paired with -иц (-ic), -ица (-ica), -ак (-ak), -ака (-aka), -як (-jak), -яка (-jaka); a piece of, one of them [11]
    крупи́ца ― krupíca ― grain
    мелок ― melok ― chalk
    железя́ка ― železjáka ― piece of iron
  12. (takes numeral, produces nouns)[12]
    пято́к ― pjatók ― five (of something)
    деся́ток ― desjátok ― ten (of something)
  13. (takes prepositions, produces nouns)[13]
    пре́док ― prédok ― ancestor
  14. (unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns)[14]
    бесце́нок ― bescénok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  15. (with за-, unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns) an object behind something or in the background[15]
    закры́лок ― zakrýlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  16. (with за-, unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns) located behind and look alike[16]
    загорбок ― zagorbok ― upper part of the back (colloquial)
  17. (with о-, unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns) adjacent[17]
    оголовок ― ogolovok ― cap, hatchway
    огузок ― oguzok ― rump
    окосток ― okostok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  18. (with от-, unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns) separated from, produced by[18]
    отголо́сок ― otgolósok ― echo
    отроек ― otrojek ― distant swarm
    отзимок ― otzimok ― sudden frost in spring
  19. (with па-, unproductive, produces nouns) alike, but not equal[19]
    сын → па́сынок ― syn → pásynok ― stepson
    труба́ → па́трубок ― trubá → pátrubok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    дым → падымок ― dym → padymok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    вода́ → па́водок ― vodá → pávodok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    го́лень → паголенок ― gólenʹ → pagolenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  20. (with пере-, slightly productive, produces nouns) paired with -и (-i); in between, during break (about location or time)[20]
    лес → переле́сок ― les → perelésok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → перелесье ― → perelesʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → перелесица ― → perelesica ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    ше́я → переше́ек ― šéja → perešéjek ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    мир → переми́рие ― mir → peremírije ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → пересменок ― → peresmenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → переу́лок ― → pereúlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → переле́сок ― → perelésok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → перелесье ― → perelesʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → пересменок ― → peresmenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  21. (with пере-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -и (-i), -ица (-ica); crossing, intersection[21]
    крест → перекрестье ― krest → perekrestʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    крест → перекрёсток ― krest → perekrjóstok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    путь → перепутье ― putʹ → pereputʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    нос → переносье ― nos → perenosʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    нос → перено́сица ― nos → perenósica ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  22. (with по-, unproductive, produces nouns)[22]
    год → пого́док ― god → pogódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  23. (with под-, unproductive, produces nouns) beneath[23]
    → подборо́док ― → podboródok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → подгру́док ― → podgrúdok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → подле́сок ― → podlésok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → подкрылок ― → podkrylok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → подра́мок ― → podrámok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → подшёрсток ― → podšórstok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → подпе́чек ― → podpéček ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  24. (with под-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -ик (-ik), -ник (-nik); undeveloped animal or object[24]
    груздь → подгруздок ― gruzdʹ → podgruzdok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    лиса → подлисок ― lisa → podlisok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    язь → подъя́зок ― jazʹ → podʺjázok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    язь → подъязик ― jazʹ → podʺjazik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → подсвинок ― → podsvinok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → подтелок ― → podtelok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → подлещик ― → podleščik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → подъёршик ― → podʺjóršik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → подорлик ― → podorlik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → подсумок ― → podsumok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → подпилок ― → podpilok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → подголосок ― → podgolosok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    пасту́х → подпа́сок ― pastúx → podpások ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    судья́ → подсу́док ― sudʹjá → podsúdok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    часово́й → подчасок ― časovój → podčasok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    кула́к → подкула́чник ― kulák → podkuláčnik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Кума → Подкумок ― Kuma → Podkumok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  25. (with пред-, unproductive, produces nouns)[25]
    → предкры́лок ― → predkrýlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  26. (with при-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -ник (-nik), -ень (-enʹ); adjacent[26]
    → прилистник ― → prilistnik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → прицветник ― → pricvetnik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → приямок ― → prijamok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → приго́рок ― → prigórok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → приселок ― → priselok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → привратник ― → privratnik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → при́хвостень ― → príxvostenʹ ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  27. (with при-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -ка (-ka); adjacent[27]
    → присту́пок ― → pristúpok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → присту́пка ― → pristúpka ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → ступе́нь ― → stupénʹ ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  28. (with про-, unproductive, produces nouns) in between[28]
    → просте́нок ― → prosténok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → пролесок ― → prolesok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → прожи́лок ― → prožílok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → просёлок ― → prosjólok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → проу́лок ― → proúlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  29. (with су-, unproductive, produces nouns)[29]
    → сугли́нок ― → suglínok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  30. (with о- и об-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -ки (-ki) (plurale tantum), -j, -ина (-ina)[30]
    кури́ть → оку́рок ― kurítʹ → okúrok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    горе́ть → ога́рок ― gorétʹ → ogárok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    мылить → обмы́лок ― mylitʹ → obmýlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    коло́ть → оско́лок ― kolótʹ → oskólok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    есть → объе́док ― jestʹ → obʺjédok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    пить → опи́вки ― pitʹ → opívki ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    пили́ть → опи́лки ― pilítʹ → opílki ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    коси́ть → око́сье ― kosítʹ → okósʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    кали́ть → ока́лина ― kalítʹ → okálina ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  31. (unproductive, produces nouns) overdone, with a negative outcome[31]
    ста́рый → переста́рок ― stáryj → perestárok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  32. (unproductive, animate or inanimate, produces nouns) subject with a qualifier in the first stem[32]
    → первого́док ― → pervogódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → одного́док ― → odnogódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → полуго́док ― → polugódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → полукро́вок ― → polukróvok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → малоле́ток ― → malolétok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → одноле́ток ― → odnolétok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → трехле́ток ― → trexlétok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → одномерок ― → odnomerok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → маломерок ― → malomerok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → четырехстенок ― → četyrexstenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → пятистенок ― → pjatistenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → перволёдок ― → pervoljódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → первопу́ток ― → pervopútok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → полушу́бок ― → polušúbok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → полуша́лок ― → polušálok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    → полуста́нок ― → polustánok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    шаль → полуша́лок ― šalʹ → polušálok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    путь → первопу́ток ― putʹ → pervopútok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    ста́нция → полуста́нок ― stáncija → polustánok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms
Russian terms suffixed with -ок

See also

References
  1. §413 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  2. §429 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  3. §221.2 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  4. §221.1.а of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  5. §221.1.б of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  6. §221.1.в of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  7. §221.1.г of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  8. §270 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  9. §313 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  10. §510 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  11. §411 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  12. §444 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  13. §445 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  14. §504 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  15. §506.а of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  16. §506.б of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  17. §511 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  18. §513 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  19. §514 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  20. §515 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  21. §515 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  22. §516 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  23. §517 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  24. §518 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  25. §519 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  26. §520 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  27. §520 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  28. §521 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  29. §525 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  30. §529 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  31. §534 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1
  32. §574 of Грамматика русского языка, volume 1

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-ок (Latin spelling -ok)

  1. Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.

See also
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