< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

  • *bariz
  • *barizaz
  • *barzą

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰors- or *bʰor-es- (more traditionally reconstructed as *bʰars-), the further origin of which is uncertain; possibly from or related to *bʰers- (“tip, bristle; pointy, prickly”) (compare *barsaz, *burstiz), the sense of which may be preserved in the North Germanic descendants. For the semantic development, compare Albanian halë (“pointed tip, splinter; awn; pine needle”).
Cognate with Latin far n (“spelt; grits”) and fārīna f (“flour”), Faliscan 𐌚𐌀𐌓 (far, “emmer wheat”), Proto-Slavic *boršьno (“flour”), Old Irish bairgen f (“bread, loaf”), Welsh bara (“bread”), Breton bara (“bread”), Old Cornish bara, Albanian bar (“grass”), Proto-Slavic *bъrъ (“foxtail millet”) and perhaps Latvian barĩba (“food”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbɑ.rɑz/

Noun

*baraz n[1][2]

  1. awn ?
    Synonym: *ahanō
  2. (North Germanic) spiky leaves
  3. barley
    Synonym: *gerstō

Inflection

z-stemDeclension of *baraz (z-stem)
singular plural
nominative *baraz *barizō
vocative *baraz *barizō
accusative *baraz *barizō
genitive *bariziz *barizǫ̂
dative *barizi *barizumaz
instrumental *barizē *barizumiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Old Norse: barr (“barley; pine needles”)

References

  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bariz- ~ *barza-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 52
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ƀaraz ~ *ƀariz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 36
  3. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*barizīnaz[sic]”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 37
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