< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrīhaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wreyḱ- (“to twist, weave, bind”). Cognate with Latin rīca (“veil, toile”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈwriː.xɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wrīhaną

  1. to wind, turn
  2. to wrap, cover, shroud, envelop

Inflection
Conjugation of *wrīhaną (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wrīhō*wrīhaų—*wrīhai ?
2nd singular *wrīhizi*wrīhaiz*wrīh*wrīhazai*wrīhaizau
3rd singular *wrīhidi*wrīhai*wrīhadau*wrīhadai*wrīhaidau
1st dual *wrīhōz*wrīhaiw———
2nd dual *wrīhadiz*wrīhaidiz*wrīhadiz——
1st plural *wrīhamaz*wrīhaim—*wrīhandai*wrīhaindau
2nd plural *wrīhid*wrīhaid*wrīhid*wrīhandai*wrīhaindau
3rd plural *wrīhandi*wrīhain*wrīhandau*wrīhandai*wrīhaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wraih*wrigį̄
2nd singular *wraiht*wrigīz
3rd singular *wraih*wrigī
1st dual *wrigū*wrigīw
2nd dual *wrigudiz*wrigīdiz
1st plural *wrigum*wrigīm
2nd plural *wrigud*wrigīd
3rd plural *wrigun*wrigīn
present past
participles *wrīhandz*wriganaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *wrīhan, *wrīan, *wrīgan
    • Old English: wrēon (“to cover (up)”)
      • Middle English: wrihen, wreon, wrien, wryen
    • Old Frisian: *wrīgia
      • West Frisian: riuwe (“to bind with twine; to constrict”)
      • ⇒ Old Frisian: wreigenge (“bedcover, duvet”)
      • ⇒ Old Frisian: wrichte (“battle-garment”)
    • Old Saxon: *wrīgan, *wrīan
      • Middle Low German: rîgen, rîen
        • German Low German:
          Altmärkisch: rîn
          Low Prussian: rêgen
          Westphalian:
          Bentheimisch: rîgen
          Dortmundisch, Sauerländisch: riggen
          Sauerländisch: reyjen (Wenden)
          East Westphalian: rüijen, rüigen, röjjen (Lippe), ruijjen (Ravensberg)
          Westmünsterländisch: rijen
    • Old Dutch: *rīgan, *rīan
      • Middle Dutch: rîen (“to bind with twine”), rijenn, rîgen
        • Dutch: rijgen
        • Limburgish: riege
    • Old High German: rīhan, *rīgan
      • Middle High German: rîhen, rîgen, rîhhen (“to pleat; to impale”)
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