Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/na-(n/t)

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *na-(n/t) (Matisoff, STEDT); *na (Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987; Michailovsky, 1991); *na (*A) (Coblin, 1986)

See more on Wikipedia: Nat (spirit).

*na-(n/t)

1. ill, sick
2. pain
3. to suffer
4. evil spirit

• Old Chinese:

  難／难 /*nˤar/ (B-S); /*n̥ʰaːn/ (ZS) ("difficult, hard"), 難／难 /*nˤar-s/ (B-S); /*naːns/ (ZS) ("hardship, misfortune, disaster")

  儺／傩 (nuó) /*naːl/ (ZS) ("to expel demons of illness")

  *𤸻 /*naːs/ (ZS) ("sick") (medieval)

  • Middle Chinese: 難／难 (nɑn, nɑnH), 儺／傩 (nɑ), 𤸻 (naH, “sick”)
    • Modern Mandarin
      • Beijing: 難／难 (nán), /nan³⁵/; (nàn), /nan⁵¹/; 儺／傩 (nuó), /nu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Kamarupan
  • Kuki-Chin
    • Central Chin
      • Mizo: nâ, nat (“ill, sick; illness”)
    • Northern Chin
      • Zou: na
• Himalayish
  • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Bodic
      • Tibetan
        • Written Tibetan: ན (na), ན་བ (na ba, “ill, sick”), ནན་ཏེ (nan te, “sick, ill”), ནད (nad, “disease, illness”), སྣད་པ (snad pa, “to wound, hurt”), མནར་བ (mnar ba, “to suffer, be tormented”)
• Jingpho-Asakian
  • Jingpho
    • Jingpho [Kachin]: nat (“spirit, ancestral spirit”)
• Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
  • Lolo-Burmese: *na¹ (“ill”) (Weidert, 1987)
    • Burmish
      • Written Burmese: နာ (na, “to be ill, to suffer pain”), နတ် (nat, “nat, spirit”)
    • Proto-Loloish: *C-na¹ (“ill”) (Bradley, 1979)
      • Northern Loloish
        • Yi (Liangshan): ꆅ (na, “hurt, pain, sore; illness”)
      • Central Loloish
        • Lisu (Southern): ꓠꓻ (nɑ, “sore, sick, ill”)

• *tsa-t ~ dza-t (“hot, pain, suffer, sick, ill”)