< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-išče

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms
  • (West Slavic, partially Belarusian and Ukrainian): *-isko.
  • (with -ov- formant, taken from u-stems, and influenced by verbs on -ovati and adjectives on -ovъ): *-ovišče.

Etymology

From earlier *isk-je. Originally it was probably used exclusively denominally for forming augmentatives, and later a semantic shift to place names occurred. E.g. *bolto (“mud”) → *boltišče (“large mud, a lot of mud”) > "there where is muddy". Deverbal formations from verbs on *-iti are a late innovation.

Suffix

*-išče n

  1. Denominal, denoting places or spaces.
    *gnojь (“manure, pus, dung”) → *gnojišče (“midden, cesspool, manure pile”)
    *ogňь (“fire”) → *ogňišče (“fireplace”)
    *sǫdъ (“judgement, trial”) → *sǫdišče (“court”)
    *lovъ (“hunting, hunt”) → *lovišče (“hunting area/ground”)
  2. Denominal, forming augmentatives, denoting increase or growth of quality.
    *dvorъ (“court, courtyard”) → *dvorišče (“yard”)
    *tъrgъ (“commodity, wares; market”) → *tъržišče (“market, fairground”)
  3. Denominal, forming emotionally colored nouns, mostly augmentatives (usually with pejorative connotation), rarely diminutives.
    *baba (“old woman”) → *babišče (“hag”)
    *čudo (“wonder”) → *čudovišče (“monster”)
  4. Denominal, forming nouns denoting a handle of a tool.
    *kosa (“scythe”) → *kosišče (“scythe handle”)
    *toporъ (“axe, hatchet”) → *toporišče (“axe handle”)

Declension
Declension of *-išče (soft o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *-išče *-išči *-išča
genitive *-išča *-išču *-iščь
dative *-išču *-iščema *-iščemъ
accusative *-išče *-išči *-išča
instrumental *-iščьmь, *-iščemь* *-iščema *-išči
locative *-išči *-išču *-iščixъ
vocative *-išče *-išči *-išča
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-išče

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: -ище (-išče)
      • Belarusian: -ішча (-išča), -ышча (-yšča)
      • Russian: -ище (-išče)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: -іще (-išče)
      • Ukrainian: -ище (-yšče)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: -ище (-ište)
      Glagolitic script: -ⰹⱋⰵ (-ište)
      • → Romanian: -iște
      • → Albanian: -ishte
    • Bulgarian: -ище (-ište)
    • Macedonian: -иште (-ište)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: -иште
      Latin script: -ište, -išče, -išće
    • Slovene: -išče
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: -iště
    • Kashubian: -iszcze, -ëszcze
    • Polabian: -istě
    • Polish: -yszcze, -iszcze
    • Slovak: -ište, -iščo (dialectal)
    • Slovincian: -ëszczô, -iszczô
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: -išćo
      • Upper Sorbian: -išćo

References
  • Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
  • Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 77f
  • Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “*-išče”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 95
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