< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dira

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From the intensive stem *dir- + *-a of Proto-Slavic *dьrati (“to tear”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”).

Derksen tentatively mentions a possible influence from Proto-Indo-European *deyH-r- (“to appear, to illuminate”), whence Lithuanian dyrėti (“to look for”)[1].

Noun

dìra f[2]

  1. crack, snick, notch
    Synonyms: *rězъ, *pazina, *želbъ
  2. (by extension) trace, trail
    Synonyms: *slědъ, *traga

Declension
Declension of *dira (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *dira *dirě *diry
genitive *diry *diru *dirъ
dative *dirě *dirama *diramъ
accusative *dirǫ *dirě *diry
instrumental *dirojǫ, *dirǫ** *dirama *dirami
locative *dirě *diru *dirasъ, *diraxъ*
vocative *diro *dirě *diry
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Alternative forms

Derived terms
  • *diriti, *diřati (causative-iterative)
  • *derti, *dьrati (“to tear, to flay”)
  • *derъ, *derьba (“skinning, flaying”)
  • *dorъ (“tearing, split”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: дира (dira)
      • Old Ruthenian: дира́ (dirá)
        • Belarusian: дзіра́ (dzirá)
      • Russian: дира́ (dirá) (dialectal)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
  • Non-Slavic:

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dira”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 30
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*diŕa”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 31
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “диря”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 396
  • Snoj, Marko (2016) “dirjati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2015) “dyrėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 131
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dira, *diŗa”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 107: “f. ā, f. jā 'crack, hole'”
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.