< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krěti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Hard to identify:
- Matzenauer (in regard to the Czech descendant): Perhaps cognate with Latin creō (“to produce, to beget”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to increase”).
- Georgiev (in regard to the Bulgarian descendant): Unlikely related to Lithuanian skriẽti (“to spin, to turn around”), Latvian skriet (“to run”). The latter are akin instead to Proto-Slavic *krivъ (“curved”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krey- (“to revolve”), from *(s)ker-.
Because of the contrastive meanings and the dialectal attestation, there is no certainty if all the descendants are actually cognates.
Verb
*krěti impf
- (probably originally) to intensify, to magnify
- → (in Northern languages) to gather strength, to recuperate, to invigorate
- → (in dialectal Bulgarian, Russian) to wilt, to aggravate
Alternative forms
- *krьjati, *krějati
Inflection
Conjugation of *krěti, *krě, *krějetь (impf., -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *krětьje | *krěti | *krětъ | *krělъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *krětъ | *krějemъ |
| Active | *krěvъ | *krěję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *krěxъ | *krě | *krě | *krějǫ | *krěješi | *krějetь |
| Dual | *krěxově | *krěsta | *krěste | *krějevě | *krějeta | *krějete |
| Plural | *krěxomъ | *krěste | *krěšę | *krějemъ | *krějete | *krějǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *krěaxъ | *krěaše | *krěaše | — | *krěji | *krěji |
| Dual | *krěaxově | *krěašeta | *krěašete | *krějivě | *krějita | — |
| Plural | *krěaxomъ | *krěašete | *krěaxǫ | *krějimъ | *krějite | — |
Related terms
- (probably) *krěvati, *krěviti (“to advance, to enhance”)
Descendants
From primary *krěti:
- East Slavic:
- >? Russian: хрять (xrjatʹ, “to feel sick”) (dialectal, listed as a descendant in ESSJa)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: кре́я (kréja, “to wilt”) (dialectal)
From extended *krějati:
- East Slavic:
- Russian: крея́ть (krejátʹ, “to improve”) (dialectal)
- Ukrainian: крія́ти (krijáty, “to gather strength”)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kříti (“to gather strength”)
From secondary *krьjati:
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: крия́ць (krijácʹ, “to start recovering”)
- Ukrainian: крия́ти (kryjáty)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: křáti
- ⇒ Czech: okřát (“to get better”)
- ⇒ Slovak: okriať (“to invigorate”)
- Old Czech: křáti
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*krějati/*krьjati, *krějǫ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 99
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хрять”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “крія́ти”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “крея¹ (гл.)”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 5
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