< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/plugъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic
*plugъ (museum exhibit)

Etymology

Borrowed from a Proto-West Germanic *plōg (“plough, plow”).[1] Parallel borrowing with Lithuanian plūgas.

Noun

*plùgъ m[1][2][3]

  1. plough
    Hyponyms: *ordlo (“ard plough”), *soxa (“stick plough”)

Usage notes

The term may have originally referred to frame-ploughs, invented around 1st cent. AD by the Romans. It was probably intended for plowing tougher soils, which could not be handled by simpler tools such as *ordlo and *soxa. According to Schuster-Šewc, the tool had spread from Raetia or Eastern Gallia into the Langobards and from them into the remaining Germanic and Central European people.

Declension
Declension of *plùgъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)
singular dual plural
nominative *plùgъ *plùga *plùdzi
genitive *plùga *plùgu *plùgъ
dative *plùgu *plùgoma *plùgomъ
accusative *plùgъ *plùga *plùgy
instrumental *plùgъmь, *plùgomь* *plùgoma *plùgȳ
locative *plùdzě *plùgu *plùdzě̄xъ
vocative *plùže *plùga *plùdzi
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

See also
  • *pluga (“groove, trail”), *plugovina (“rugged soil”) (< perhaps *pluti (“to flow”) +‎ *-ga)
    • *plužiti (“to drag”)[3]
      • ⇒ Czech: ploužit se (“to drag”)

Descendants

References
  1. Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic‎, Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 86: “PSl. *plugъ ‘plough’ (m. o-stem); AP (a)”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “plugъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 155; PR 131; RPT 97, 101)”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016) “plug”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *plűgъ”

Further reading
  • Blažek, Václav, Dufková, Kristýna (2016) “Psl. *plugъ < z germ. *plōgu-/*plōga- < kelt.?”, in Linguistica Brunensia, volume 64, number 2, page 55
  • Verweij, Arno (1994) “Quantity Patterns of Substantives in Czech and Slovak”, in Dutch Contributions to the Eleventh International Congress of Slavists, Bratislava (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics)‎, volume 22, Editions Rodopi B.V., pages 525, 530
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “плуг”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “плуг”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 365
  • “plūgas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
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