< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/těsnъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *těskъ (“pressing”) + *-nъ with loss of *-k- between *s and *n (compare Proto-Slavic *ěsnъ (“clear”)). Probably from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂y- (“to dunk, to knead”), akin to Proto-Slavic *tajati (“to melt, to precipitate”).
Alternative forms
- *těsьnъ (reanalyzed in later times)
Inflection
Accent paradigm c.
Indefinite declension of *těsnъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *těsnъ | *těsna | *těsno |
| genitive | *těsna | *těsny | *těsna |
| dative | *těsnu | *těsně | *těsnu |
| accusative | *těsnъ | *těsnǫ | *těsno |
| instrumental | *těsnomь | *těsnojǫ | *těsnomь |
| locative | *těsně | *těsně | *těsně |
| vocative | *těsne | *těsno | *těsno |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *těsna | *těsně | *těsně |
| genitive | *těsnu | *těsnu | *těsnu |
| dative | *těsnoma | *těsnama | *těsnoma |
| accusative | *těsna | *těsně | *těsně |
| instrumental | *těsnoma | *těsnama | *těsnoma |
| locative | *těsnu | *těsnu | *těsnu |
| vocative | *těsna | *těsně | *těsně |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *těsni | *těsny | *těsna |
| genitive | *těsnъ | *těsnъ | *těsnъ |
| dative | *těsnomъ | *těsnamъ | *těsnomъ |
| accusative | *těsny | *těsny | *těsna |
| instrumental | *těsny | *těsnami | *těsny |
| locative | *těsněxъ | *těsnaxъ | *těsněxъ |
| vocative | *těsni | *těsny | *těsna |
Definite declension of *těsnъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *těsnъjь | *těsnaja | *těsnoje |
| genitive | *těsnajego | *těsnyję̇ | *těsnajego |
| dative | *těsnujemu | *těsněji | *těsnujemu |
| accusative | *těsnъjь | *těsnǫjǫ | *těsnoje |
| instrumental | *těsnyjimь | *těsnǫjǫ | *těsnyjimь |
| locative | *těsnějemь | *těsněji | *těsnějemь |
| vocative | *těsnъjь | *těsnaja | *těsnoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *těsnaja | *těsněji | *těsněji |
| genitive | *těsnuju | *těsnuju | *těsnuju |
| dative | *těsnyjima | *těsnyjima | *těsnyjima |
| accusative | *těsnaja | *těsněji | *těsněji |
| instrumental | *těsnyjima | *těsnyjima | *těsnyjima |
| locative | *těsnuju | *těsnuju | *těsnuju |
| vocative | *těsnaja | *těsněji | *těsněji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *těsniji | *těsnyję̇ | *těsnaja |
| genitive | *těsnъjixъ | *těsnъjixъ | *těsnъjixъ |
| dative | *těsnyjimъ | *těsnyjimъ | *těsnyjimъ |
| accusative | *těsnyję̇ | *těsnyję̇ | *těsnaja |
| instrumental | *těsnyjimi | *těsnyjimi | *těsnyjimi |
| locative | *těsnyjixъ | *těsnyjixъ | *těsnyjixъ |
| vocative | *těsniji | *těsnyję̇ | *těsnaja |
Derived terms
- *těsniti (“to narrow, to squeeze”)
- *těsnoba, *těsnina, *těsnota (“narrowness”)
Descendants
- East Slavic: тѣснъ (těsnŭ)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “те́сный”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*těsnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 492
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “tesen”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tě̑snъ”
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “těsnъ těsna těsno”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c tæt (PR 138)”
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