Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/terba

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *terp- (“to satisfy”). Possibly related to Baltic Old Prussian еntеrреn (“useful”), Lithuanian tarpà (“prosperity, growth”), Lithuanian tar̃pti, tarpstù (“to flourish”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *þarbō (Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (þaurban, “to need, be in want”), Old English þearf (“need”), Old Norse þarfr (“useful”)), Ancient Greek τέρπω (térpō, “I please”), Sanskrit तृप्यति (tṛ́pyati, “to be satisfied”).

Noun

*terba f

need

Declension

Declension of *terba (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*terba	*tèrbě	*tèrby
genitive	*tèrby	*tèrbu	*tèrbъ
dative	*tèrbě	*tèrbama	*tèrbamъ
accusative	*tèrbǫ	*tèrbě	*tèrby
instrumental	tèrbojǫ, tèrbǭ^**	*tèrbama	*tèrbamī
locative	*tèrbě	*tèrbu	tèrbasъ, tèrbaxъ^*
vocative	*tèrbo	*tèrbě	*tèrby

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: тереба (tereba)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: трѣба (trěba)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱅⱃⱑⰱⰰ (trěba)
  - → Russian: тре́ба (tréba)
  - → Ukrainian: тре́ба (tréba)
  - → Bulgarian: тре́ба (tréba)
- Bulgarian: тря́ба (trjába) (now non-standard)
  - ⇒ Bulgarian: тря́бва (trjábva)
- Macedonian: треба (treba)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: тре́ба, тријѐба
  
  Latin: tréba, trijèba
- Slovene: treba
West Slavic:
- Kashubian: trzeba
- Old Czech: třěba
  - Czech: třeba
- Old Polish: trzeba
  - Masurian: trżeba
  - Polish: trzeba, (archaic or colloquial) trza
  - Silesian: trzeba, trzeja, trza
- Slovak: treba
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: tŕeba
  - Upper Sorbian: trjeba

Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: treabă

References

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тре́ба”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “требовать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “Proto-Slavic/terba”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 648

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