Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-gan

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

preceding vowel
A / Ï / O / U	E / I / Ö / Ü
*-gan	*-gen

Etymology 1

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-gan, Proto-Tungusic *-kan.

Suffix

*-gan

Forms deverbal nouns and imperfective participle of verbs.
‎*seb- (“to love”) + ‎*-gan → ‎*sebgen (“(someone/something) who loves”)

‎*tabïĺ- (“to run”) + ‎*-gan → ‎*tabïĺgan (“(someone/something) who jumps; hare”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Volga Bulgar: -ان (-an/en)
  - Chuvash: -ан (-an), -ен (-en)
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: -an, -ən
  - Ottoman Turkish: ـان (-an), ـن (-en)
    - Turkish: -an, -en
    - Gagauz: -an, -en
- Turkmen: -ýan, -ýän
- Salar: -ğan, -gen
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (-ğan/gen)
    - Uzbek: -gan
    - Uyghur: ـگان (-gan), ـگەن (-gen)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: -ҡан (-qan), -кән (-kən), -ған (-ğan), -гән (-gən)
  - Tatar:
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar:
  - Kumyk:
  - Karachay-Balkar:
  - Karaim:
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak:
    - Kazakh: -ған (-ğan), -ген (-gen)
    - Nogai:
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гөн (-gön)
    - Southern Altai: -ган (-gan), -ген (-gen), -гон (-gon), -гӧн (-gön)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰍𐰣 (-gan)

Etymology 2

Comparable to Proto-Mongolic *-gan, *-xan and *-gene, Proto-Tungusic *-kan.

Suffix

*-gan

Forms denominal nouns, usually used for animals and plants.
‎*baĺč (“head”) + ‎*-gan → ‎*baĺčgan (“a large fish”)

‎*čim (“grass”) + ‎*-gan → ‎*čimgen (“meadow”)

Derived terms

Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-gan

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages xliv and xlviii
Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation‎, volume I, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 85
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “+gAn”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “+gAn2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

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