Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ata

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*āta

Noun

*ata

Declension

Declension of *ata

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*ata
Accusative	atanï, atag ⁴⁾, *atanïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*atanïŋ
Dative	*ataka
Locative	*atada
Ablative	*atadan
Allative	*atagaru
Instrumental ²⁾	*atan
Equative ²⁾	*atača
Similative ²⁾	*atalayu
Comitative ²⁾	*atalïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms

*ataman

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: атте (atte, “father”)
- Chuvash: ата (at̬a, “a man who leads a wedding escort to a bride's house in order to take her to the bridegroom”), аталăх (at̬alăh, “the work of such a man”) (via Kipchak?)
Common Turkic: *ata

Oghuz:
- Proto-Oghuz: *ata
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ata)
    - Azerbaijani: ata
    - Ottoman Turkish: آتا (ata)
      - Gagauz: ata (“grandfather”)
      - Turkish: ata (“father”) (dated)
    - Turkmen: ata (“father's father; father”)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: اَتا (ata)
  - Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (ata)
    - Chagatai: اتا (ata)
      - Uzbek: ota
      - Uyghur: ئاتا (ata)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak: اتا (ata)
  - North Kipchak:
    - Bashkir: ата (ata, “male”), атай (atay, “father”)
    - Tatar: ata, әти (äti)
  - West Kipchak:
    - Crimean Tatar: ata (dated)
    - Karachay-Balkar: ата (ata)
    - Kumyk: ата (ata)
  - South Kipchak:
    - Caspian:
      - Kazakh: ата (ata)
      - Karakalpak: ата
      - Nogai: ата (ata, “male”)
    - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      - Kyrgyz: ата (ata)
      - Southern Altai: ада (ada)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰀 (t¹a /⁠ata⁠/)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tofa: ата
    - Tuvan: ача (aça), ада (ada)

→ Middle Chinese: 爹 (*ʈia ~ *dɑ^X, “father”)

References

Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) “ата”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, pages 200-201
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ata”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Vovin, Alexander; McCraw, David (2011). Old Turkic Kinship Terms in Early Middle Chinese. Belleten (1): 105–116.

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