auksts

Latvian

Etymology

Alteration of austs ‘cooled’, past participle of dialectal aũsīt, aũsēt ‘to cool off, down’, ausināt (“to cool off hot food, with a spoon”) (compare Lithuanian áušti (“to cool down”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ewǵ- (compare Latin autumnus, Old Irish úacht, Old Armenian ոյծ (oyc)). The -k- may be due to contamination with obsolete aukt (“to be cool, cold”), sporadically attested in 18th-century sources.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [āūksts]
(file)

Adjective

auksts (definite aukstais, comparative aukstāks, superlative visaukstākais, adverb auksti)

  1. cold (an object or substance that has a relatively low temperature)
    auksts roka ― cold hands
    auksts ūdens ― cold water
    auksta tēja ― cold tea
    ēdiens ir jau auksts ― the food is already cold
    auksts kā ledus ― cold as ice
    aukstais karš ― the cold war
  2. cold (weather, air temperature during a certain period of time)
    auksts rudens, pavasaris ― a cold autumn/fall, spring
    auksts rīts ― a cold morning
    kļūst auksts ― it is getting cold
    šodien ir ļoti auksts ― today it is very cold
  3. associated with the feeling or sensation of cold
    gājējam kļūst auksti ― the passer-by/pedestrian got cold
    auksti drebuļi ― cold shivers, chills
    aukstas trīsas ― a cold thrill
    man auksts pārskrēja pār visu muguru ― a cold (chill) ran through my spine, back
  4. food which is to be eaten cold
    aukstie ēdieni, uzkodas ― cold food, appetizers
    aukstais galds ― cold table (= table with cold food)
  5. (figuratively) cold (one who does not care about the feelings of others; insensitive, rude)
    auksts prāta cilvēks ― a cold-minded person
  6. (figuratively) cold (of a gesture or behavior typical of an insensitive or rude person)
    auksts skatiens, smaids ― a cold look, smile
    auksta uzņemšana ― a cold reception

Declension

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

References

  1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “auksts”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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