jūs

See also: jus, JUs, Jus, ĵus, and jus'

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (pl.)”). The non-nominative forms were re-formed, following the paradigm of u-stems: a new accusative *júns > jūs, a new genitive *jūsōn > jūsu (cf. Old Prussian iouson), and a new dative *jūmus > *jumus > jums. Cognates include Lithuanian jūs, Old Prussian ioūs, iaūs, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus), Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyam) (< *yūš-).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [jūːs]
(file)

Pronoun

jūs

  1. you; accusative plural of jūs

jūs (personal, 2nd person plural)

  1. you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee and other people
    kur jūs, zēni, bijāt? ― where, boys, were you?
    steidzieties, jūs jau gaida! ― hurry up, they are already waiting for you!
    kurš no jums ir vecāks: Birkenbaums, Gulbis vai Jānis? ― which of you is the oldest: Birkenbaums, Gulbis, or Jānis?
    esat, Birutiņ, un tu, Ansi... esat mani bērni, tikai es neesmu jūsu īstais tēvs ― you are, Birutiņa, and you, Ansis... you
  2. (formal) you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee, singular or plural, to show polite respect; often capitalized
    būt uz jūs (ar kādu), uzrunāt (kādu) ar jūs ― to be on jūs (with someone), to address (someone) with, as jūs
    (Ilga:) āgrāk jūs tā nerunājāt... (Marts:) jūs toreiz bijāt maza meitene un nekā nesapratāt ― (Ilga:) you, sir, didn't talk like that before... (Marts:) you, madam, were then a small girl and didn't understand anything
    pateicos par Jūsu palīdzību ― I thank (you) for your help
    Kalniņa kungs, vai Jums šis jautājums ir skaidrs? ― Mr Kalniņš, is this question clear to you?

Declension
declension of jūs
nominative (nominatīvs) jūs
accusative (akuzatīvs) jūs
genitive (ģenitīvs) jūsu
dative (datīvs) jums
instrumental (instrumentālis) jums
locative (lokatīvs) jūsos
  • jūsējs

See also

References
  1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “jūs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *yu-, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (pl.)”).

Pronoun

jūs

  1. (second-person singular, formal) you
  2. (second-person plural) you

Declension
declension of jūs
singular dual plural
nominative tù jùdu m, jùdvi f jū̃s
genitive tavę̃s jùdviejų jū́sų
dative táu jùdviem jùms
accusative tavè jùdu m, jùdvi f jùs
instrumental tavimì, tavim̃ jùdviem jumìs
locative tavyjè, tavỹ jùdviese jumysè

See also
Lithuanian personal pronouns
singular (vienaskaita) dual (dviskaita) plural (daugiskaita) reflexive
(sangrąžiniai)
1st person
(pirmasis asmuo)		 2nd person
(antrasis asmuo)		 3rd person
(trečiasis asmuo)		 1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
m f m f m f m f m f
nominative
(vardininkas)		 àš tù jìs,
jisaĩ		 jì,
jinaĩ		 mùdu mùdvi jùdu jùdvi juõdu,
jiẽdu		 jiẽdvi mẽs jū̃s jiẽ jõs -
genitive
(kilmininkas)		 manę̃s tavę̃s jõ jõs mùdviejų jùdviejų jų̃dviejų mū́sų jū́sų jų̃ savę̃s
dative
(naudininkas)		 mán táu jám jái mùdviem jùdviem jõdviem mùms jùms jíems jóms sáu
accusative
(galininkas)		 manè tavè jį̃ ją̃ mùdu mùdvi jùdu jùdvi juõdu jiẽdvi mùs jùs juõs jàs savè
instrumental
(įnagininkas)		 manimì, manim̃ tavimì, tavim̃ juõ jà mùdviem jùdviem jõdviem mumìs jumìs jaĩs jomìs savimì,
savim̃
locative
(vietininkas)		 manyjè, manỹ tavyjè, tavỹ jamè jojè mùdviese jùdviese jiẽdviese mumysè jumysè juosè josè savyjè,
savỹ
possessive
(savybiniai)		 màno tàvo jõ jõs mùdviejų jùdviejų jų̃dviejų mū́sų jū́sų jų̃ sàvo

Old Prussian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *yu-, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (pl.)”).

Pronoun

jūs (singular tū)

  1. you, the second person plural pronoun
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